life in resto england

Question 1

Background of the plauge 1665

Answer 1

• since the 1348 black death there had been plauges but nothing this serious
• we know now it comes from a bacteria that came from flea bites carrd by rats- but that was not known
• it was very difficult to find the cause and so to prevent it
• the spread was monitored by bills of mortality

Question 2

ideas people had for the spread of the bubonic plauge

Answer 2

• punishment from god
• miasma and bad air
• cats and dogs
• allingment of planets

Question 3

measures to stop the plauge

Answer 3

• 40 day quarrantines for any households infected and any ships
• doors of houses infected were painted
• anyone traveling had to prove health
• watchers enforced rules
• bodies were buried after dark in huge pits
• all public gatherings were banned
• pest houses were built
• dogs and cats killed
• people made strange remedies including potions and smoking as well as carrying bible charms and passages to appease god

Question 4

effect of the plauge socially

Answer 4

-killed hundreds of thousnds
- london lost a quarter of the population]- the poor hugely suffered as the rich could vacate and quarrantine more comfortably if in the city

Question 5

effect of the plauge on the economy

Answer 5

• short term; trade was halted as farmers did not want to travel to markets or into london to cell things, areas such as the wool trade were very badly hit
• it wasnt safe to collect tax so the gov could not raise money for the dutch wars

Question 6

effect of plauge on ideas

Answer 6

• ideas such as quarrantine were used in other disease outbreaks in the future
• some were clearly disproved such as potions

Question 7

effect of the plauge on opinions

Answer 7

• created a distain for the rich from the poor as they were either able to live comfortabl;y in quarantine without the need to go to work to earn or could leave the city
  -king became unpopular for quickly evacuating
• many people resented others for bad lifestyles as they felt the plauge was a punishment from god

Question 8

reasons the fire spread so fast

Answer 8

• there was no fire service only volanteers
• there were no really effective ways of fighting it; men used ‘squirts’, buckets, took down houses to make breakers but often wasnt cleared enough to stop the spread
• many warehouses storing flammables caught fire
• the mayor didnt effectively make the fire breakers so nothing could halt the spread
• the weather was dry and windy
• houses were wooden and very close together

Question 9

short term effects of the fire

Answer 9

• under ten dead
• third of the city destroyed
• 87/ just over 100 churches destroyed including st pauls

Question 10

economic effects of the fire

Answer 10

• very diffcult to collect hearth tax for war against the dutch
• many warehouses storing huge goods were completely destroyed
• some made heavy money transporting valuables
• rent increased as london homes were scarce

Question 11

effects of the fire on opinions

Answer 11

• both james and charles stayed in london with james becoming in charge of breaker organisation after the mayor failed to make order. this made the royals more popular than they were during the plauge
• the poor now had no money to rebuild, higher rent for a new house and a resentment for the rich as they were able to pay boats to caarry away their valuables whilst the poor were left with nothing
• people wanted a blame and turned on foreign powers as welll as the catholics

Question 12

effect of the fire relgiously

Answer 12

• many felt charlses ungodly lifestyle as well as his courts was causing a punishment from god
• many felt the catholics may well have been to blame

Question 13

effect of fire on ideas

Answer 13

• fire insurance was introduced
• new techniques for prevention were introduced

Question 14

long term effects of the fire

Answer 14

• christopher wren drew up plans to rebuild london like paris
• disputes over ownership of land, lack of money due to dutch wars and the need for life to resume faster meant the elboarte business plans were scrapped
  -building style became more fire proof, bricks, were popular and thatched rooves banned
• new areas of london such as st pauls were built

Question 15

charles II and restoration theatre

Answer 15

• he loved theatre and was a regaular visiter
• he gave patronage to two comapnies; the kings company and the dukes company
• the two were fresh from the ban in the interegnum and competed to host the best plays

Question 16

style of restoration theatres

Answer 16

• they were lavish new, many designed by christopher wren who was known to take french inspration
• they were exclusive and smaller- designed for the fashionable rich
• they were lavishly decorated with tiered seats, candles, a proscenium arch and sliding scenergy
• the proscenium arch could hide props and actors

Question 17

social importance of the threatre

Answer 17

• popular for entertainment
• the king would go frequnetly
• many would go to be in proximity with the king and get his patrongage or respect
• it was fashionable to be the first to see a play

Question 18

role of women in the theatre/ arts

Answer 18

• for the first time they could act i plays even if it were in roles societally viewed as gorified prostitution
• aphra behn; became the first women to make a living off her own writing, popular for her anti whig propagnda, very very popular playwrite
  -nell gwynne; example of a successful actress, began as an orange seller and was made famous by her comedy and looks, became a hugely influencial kings mistress
• celia finnes was a traveller who published books on her journeys

Question 19

restoration play types

Answer 19

• older shakespearan plays were less popular than modern comedies
• comedies were witty, sexual and features complicated love triangles
• women often dressed as men or as glorified prostitutes
• satire was very popular as it was a way to poke fun and areas loike the exclusion crisis and the popish plot

Question 20

traditional ideas of women in restoration england

Answer 20

• inferior and less intelligent than men
• expceted to live domestically, get mairried have children and care for the home
• married women had no rights legally
• women were not expected to have jobs, opinions or roles in society

Question 21

womens role in the home

Answer 21

• they were expected to ahve many children whod help around the home
• there was little medical advances or contraception so many women died in childbirth
• women should; bake, sew, wash, supervise servents, nurse
• men would often marry very quickly after a wife died to maintain his household, shows the lack of personal sentiment a wife had

Question 22

role of women in politics

Answer 22

• women could not vote or be an MP
• charlses mistresses could heavily influence court and grant people proximity and patronage to the king
• one of charlses mistresses lady castlemaine hosted poltiical gatherings
• aphra behn made political propagnda in her plays

Question 23

role of women in business

Answer 23

• rather unusual but not impossible
• women became owners of ships, taverns and marchants
• many took over their dead husbands businesses

Question 24

role of women in medecine

Answer 24

• they worked always to treat and nurse members of their households
• some becmae professional midwives
• jane sharpe wrote wrote a guide to being a midwife
• women could now become apothecaries

Question 25

role of the royal soceity

Answer 25

• founded in 1660 and decided to all branch of sciences
• charles helped form and fund the soceity as he was keen on the arts, though his money ran low
• they held public demonstrations of sceince in order to inspire others and get funds which they relied on their wealthier members for
• included members such as christopher wren and robert hooke

Question 26

role of coffee houses

Answer 26

• coffee was an exotic and fashionable drink from foreign traders that made the houses very popular
• men began to use coffee houses as a popular spot for business meetings and deals
• houses began to profit off of this by publishig news sheets that covered both royal news and censored international pamphlet on outsider opinions
• sceinstis would gather in the houses to form new theories and travellers would share stories of journeys
• they became known as penny universities as they were only a penny to buy a drink and sit but you could gain a host of new ideas
• the rich didnt like how it had become very cheap to take an interest in areas of knowlege reserved typically for the wealthy, the king didnt like the amount of uncensorship and tried to have the houses banned.

Question 27

role of christopher wren

Answer 27

• srchitect, astronomer, mathmetician
• was a very big fan of the baroq parisian style and influenced a lot of high status people to copy it
• drew up huge parisian ideas for london post 1666
• dwsigned greenwhich naval college, st pauls, many theatres and the royal hospital
• large benefiter of charlses patronage

Question 28

role of the greenwhich observatory

Answer 28

• built and comissioned through charles and his patronage
• designed by christopher wren
• used to promote science in astronomy and navigation
• helped establish longitude which helped steer ships
• designed in an octogon which made stars easy to study
• contained a lot of very accurate and helpful equiptment