resto england; crown and parliemnt

Question 1

events in England 42-60

Answer 1

-charles 1 was a royalist, backed the div right of kings and ruled w/o a goverment
- he fought the 42-48 civil war against the puritans lead by the OC
- in 49 he was excecuted
- the puritan rump parliment and the oc ran for a decade
- in 53 the OC ruled alone as lord protector

Question 2

charles II actions in 46-60

Answer 2

• exiled and spent most of his time in the french court
• with his cousin louid xiv
• louis was a royalist, backer of the div right of kings, catholic and an absolute monrch

Question 3

events of 1660

Answer 3

• in 58 oc died and his son richard could not rule
• the army took power
• in 59 the long parliemnt returned over clashes w the army, this included many mps who had been banished after the civil war
• they reaccpeted the monarchy
• in may 1660 charles II returned to restore the monarchy

Question 4

points in the decolartion of breda

Answer 4

• toleration of all peaceful religions
• no persecution of anyone anti king in the civil war
• pay for the army
• listen to the gov

Question 5

initial problems faced by charles

Answer 5

• many divisions- religious and political
• he needed to combat the regicides that killed his father- he passed the ‘act of indemity’ which didnt harm any puritans in the war but killed all key leaders in the excecution
• parliment had new power they had not had in charles I rule

Question 6

60-61 goverment

Answer 6

• convention(al) gov
• split between parliemntists and royalists
• agreed to fund charles

Question 7

61-67 goverment

Answer 7

• clarendon ministry
• named after charlses chief minister
• still large support for the king
• disagreements over foreign policy, religion and money

Question 8

64 act

Answer 8

• charles passed the triennial act that said he only had to call the gov oce every three years
• in return he had to agree to parliments law on restricting religious toleration

Question 9

68-73 gov

Answer 9

• very influenced by his main advisors known as the cabal in the house of lords
• they had more power than the commons
• agreed to fund the army and charles but had many dosagreements internally

Question 10

74-79 gov

Answer 10

• Danby ministry lead by the earl of danby
• parties began to emerge in the whigs and tories

Question 11

79-81 gov

Answer 11

• exclusion gov
• huge disagreements over succession

Question 12

81-84 gov

Answer 12

• charles ruled without parliment with french funding
• prevented parliment from raising another exclusion bill

Question 13

tories main ideas

Answer 13

• supported the king
• anglicans
• wanted james to succeed

Question 14

whigs main ideas

Answer 14

• disaproved of charlses lavish lifestyle
• accepted dissenters but not catholics
• did not want james

Question 15

main issues with parliment

Answer 15

• religion
• finance/ tax
• war and foreign policy

Question 16

reasons for parliemnt disagreements over finance

Answer 16

• plauge, dutch wars ad great fire all lost england money and made economic issues
• there were several unpopular taxes incl a poll tax ad a hearth tax

Question 17

reasons for parliment disagreements over religion

Answer 17

• englan had multiple religions- conformist anglicans and non conformist catholics and dissenters
  -in 1662 charles passed the ‘decolartion of indulgence’ which promsied religious toleration for all peaceful incl the non conformists, but was forced to back out as parleiment witheld his money
• parliemnt passed a series of acts knwon as the ‘clarendon code’ which made life very difficult for non conformists
• in 72, charles tried to issue issue another decl of indulgence but was again forced to withdraw

Question 18

acts in the clarendon code

Answer 18

• between 61-73
• 65, five mile act, any priest who was non conformist could not teach within five miles of the church theyd been ejected from
• 73 test act- anyone in any position of authority had to pass a test by announcing they were not catholic
• also, everyone had to swear an oath to the Cof, all had to agree to follow the CofE book of prayer and groups of more than five could not worship unless for the CofE

Question 19

reasons for parliment disagreements over war

Answer 19

• dutch began to do well in the war such as the 67 battle of medway victory- clarendon was sacked
• treaty of dover was contraversial

Question 20

treaty of dover

Answer 20

• publicly, it was an alliance between catholic france and england against the dutch
• charles had a secret treaty which promised louis he would become catholic if heavily funded and louis had to send heavy troops if anti catholic uprising became too intense

Question 21

reasons for fear of catholics in england

Answer 21

• james was charlses hier and when he married his second wife mary of moderna he became a catholic man with a catholic wife, if he had a son they would be catholic- menaing the english line of kings would be
• france was catholic and had become incredibly powerful and a threat to its protestant neighbours
• people feared frances impact on england- treaty of dover
• in 78 there was a catholic plot to kill the king
• popish plot raised fears

Question 22

events of the popish plot

Answer 22

• in 78 titus oates made up a detailed story on a catholic plot to kill the king and told the privy council
• one of the magistrates who questioned oates at the council was found dead, many felt hed been killed by catholics to silence news of the plot
• five members of house of lords were arrested after bieng accused by oates
• many worried mary of moderna was behind the plot and thirteen were excecuted

Question 23

effect of the popish plot

Answer 23

• 1978
  -made james even less popular as people worried his wife was behind the plot
• thirteen killed over it even though it was clearly propagnda, shows a desparate needto extinguish catholics
• increased fears and violence against catholics
• made friendships w catholics very taboo, earl of danby was forced to resign after neogtiating with catholic france

Question 24

rye house plot explained

Answer 24

• 1683
• a plan to ambush the king and james and take thrm to rye house
• they wanted charles illegitimate son, duke of monmoth to take the throne instead of catholic james
• many felt the plot was made by the whigs
• this was proof for the main whig leaders to be arrested and killed

Question 25

canditaes for charlses heir and popularity

Answer 25

• james was hier but he was a catholic who would not abandon his idea, he was also married to a catholic and possible to have a catholic son. He had given up his positions under the test act previosuly. charles believed god was willing for james to be his successor
• his protestant daughter from his first marriage mary was more popular but she was married to a foreign leader william
• charles had multiple illegitimate children, his oldest being the duke of monmoth

Question 26

1679 events in exclusion crisis

Answer 26

• whigs and shaftsbury publish first exclusion bill to stop james
• supported by parliment
• charles prolonges opening parliement and holds an election
• even more pro exclusion whigs are voted in
• charles refuses to hold gov
• the whigs launch a campaign of propagnda and petitions for parliment to open

Question 27

1680 events in exclusion crisis

Answer 27

• exclusion bill number two is put forward as they meet again
• once again parliment agrees but charles rejects and dissolves parliment
• tories begin a counter campaign to the whigs where they blame them for trying to start anotehr civil war

Question 28

1681 events in exclusion crisis

Answer 28

• the third exclusion gov meet, this time in oxford
• james ofers to promise to lessen his power but is rejected as theres little fact behind the promise
• third bill asks for monmouth to be hier
• charles again closes parliment to ignore the passed bill
• shaftsbury is arreested for trying to start an armed rebellion, seen as relighting the civil war

Question 29

charlses main image and lifestyle

Answer 29

• his merryiness was a welcome shift from the puritan rules in the interregnum, people were excited to have more fun
• he was very confident and colourful who enjoyed parties and entertainment
• he had many misstresses
• he wanted to mirror the extravegant lavish court of his cousin louis xiv
• it was important he had a positive image as the first king post interregnum
• he was a patron of sceicne and arts

Question 30

figures and importance of charlses court

Answer 30

• charlses mistresses were very powerful with large houses, and could help people gain his favour; this included nell gwynne, louise de keroualle and lady castlemaine
• people wanted charlses patronage and could get it through proximity to him in court.
• court was the center of his work and private life and everyone societally important would have a place there
• he was surrounded by rakes; fashioable, witty and reckless young men

Question 31

importance of patronage

Answer 31

• made you in favour with the king
• could grant you money, land or a position in the court/society

Question 32

importance of whitehall palace

Answer 32

• king chalses home and area were he would govern with the privy council
• people wanting his favour would have to buy large in fashio homes nearby whitehall- the center of relevancy
• was used as the spot to banquit with important people and foreign powers
• decorated in a baroq style which shows how influenced charles was by french court

Question 33

fashion in charlses court

Answer 33

• took large inspiratrion from the french, charles would set these fashion trends
• clothes were popular that were elaborately decorated with lace and ribbons
• men wore breeches, long socks and long coats