Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ENT > vertigo > Flashcards

vertigo Flashcards

1
Q

what is vertigo ?

A

a false sensation of rotation or spinning and movement of the surrounding environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

broadly, what are the types of vertigo ?

A

peripheral and central

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the difference between central and peripheral vertigo ?

A

central vertigo is to do with a brain lesion
peripheral involves the ear and the mechanisms of balance in the ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the causes of peripheral vertigo ?

A

benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
vestibular neeuritis
Menieres disease
Labrynthitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the causes of central vertigo ?

A

vestibular migranes
acoustic neuroma
brainstem or cerebellar lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the other name for an acoustic neuroma ?

A

vestibular schwannoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the aetiology of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo ?

A

free floating otoliths that continue movement even without any head movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the presenting picture of BPPV ?

A

sudden onset
episodic
rotatory vertigo
lasts for seconds to a few minutes
NO HEARING LOSS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what test is used to diagnose BPPV ?

A

Dix-Hallpike test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the presentation of Vestibular neuritis ?

A

sudden onset
rotatory vertigo
severe
persistent for more than 24 hours
can’t get off bed for days
improves in several days to weeks
NO HEARING LOSS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the other term also used to describe Menieres disease ?

A

Endolymphatic hydrops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the presentation of meniere’s disease ?

A

gradual onset
rotatory vertigo that may last up to hours
nausea and vomiting
fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss with a low frequency threshold
tinnitus
aural fullness usually felt before onset of vertigo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is labrynthitis ?

A

inner ear inflammationn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the presentation of labrynthitis like ?

A

gradual onset
vertigo
nausea and vomiting
nystagmus
SNHL or mixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the presentation of a vestibular migrane ?

A

sudden rotatory severe vertigo can last minutes to hours
classically associated with:
headache/migrane
photophobia/visual disturbancees
Phonophobia
not always present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where do acoustic neuromas arise from ?

A

schwann cells of vestibular nerves
in the cerebellopontine angle

17
Q

what is the presentation of acoustic neuroma ?

A

unilateral or asymmetrical SNHL
very poor speech discrimination
normal otoscopy

18
Q

how is an acoustic neuroma diagnosed ?

A

MRI

19
Q

what is the presentation of central veertigo secondary to brainstem or cerebellar ischemia ?

A

usually lasts for 20 minutes to 24 hours and associated with other brainstem characteristics such as diplopia and autonomic disturbances

20
Q

what investigations aree required for cases of vertigo ?

A

full neurological examination
pure tone audiometry
Dix-hallpike test
Videonystagmography
MRI

21
Q

what is the treatment for BPPV ?

A

first localization through the DDix-Hallpike test then treat with Epley’s manoeuver

22
Q

what is the management for cases of BPPV that are resistant where Epley’s maneuver was ineffective ?

A

Brandt-Daroff exersices

23
Q

what is the treatment of vestibular neuritis ?

A

rest
antivertigo drugs
Antiemetics
Steroids
Benzodiazepams in acute stages

24
Q

what is the management for menieres disease ?

A

pressure reducing therapies :
low salt diets
Betahistines
diuretics

25
Q

what are betahistines ?

A

anti-vertigo drugs

26
Q

what is the best next step in management in cases of persistent Menieres disease ?

A

intratympanic injection of steroid and gentamicin

27
Q

what is the management of vestibular migranes ?

A

avoid triggers:
chocolate
nuts
dehydration
high salt diets
old cheese
anxiety
disturbed sleep pattern

28
Q

what are the migraine preventative medications ?

A

topiramate
rizatriptan ( selective serotonin receptor agonist)

29
Q

what medications can be taken during an attack of vestibular migraine ?

A

triptans
ergotamine

30
Q

what is the function of ergotamine ?

A

preventing blood vessel expansion

31
Q

what is the commonest cause of central vertigo ?

A

vestibular migranes

32
Q

what is the commonest cause of peripheral vertigo ?

A

benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

ENT (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions