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ENT > otalgia > Flashcards

otalgia Flashcards

1
Q

what are the causes of ear pain originating from the ear ?

A

auricular hematoma
perichondritis
otitis externa
malignant otitis exteerna
acute otitis media
otitis barotrauma
bullous myringitis

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2
Q

what is the most common cause of referred otalgia ?

A

TMJ arthiritis
followed by cervical vertebrae problems

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3
Q

what is the presentation of an auricular hematoma ?

A

painful smooth bluish custic swelling of the ear

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4
Q

how does an auricular hematoma form ?

A

usually due to blunt trauma, where a colleection of blood exists between the cartilage and perichondrium

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5
Q

what is the treatment for Auricular hematomas ?

A

aspiration and bandage if a cyst has been formed
evacuation of blood if organized

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6
Q

what are the complications associated with auricular hematoma ?

A

if not treated may lead to perichondritis and severe deformity of the ear ( cauliflower ear)

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7
Q

what is perichondritiis ?

A

inflammation of the auricular cartilage and its peerichondrium

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8
Q

what are the causes of perichondritis ?

A

infected hematoma
auricular laceration
furunculosis
burns

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9
Q

what is the presentation of perichondritis ?

A

red hot painful tender auricle

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10
Q

what is thee treatment for perichondritis ?

A

systemic and local antibiotics
analgesics
surgical debridement of necrosed cartilage may be required

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11
Q

what are the complications of perichondritis ?

A

fibrosis and severe deformity of the auricle ( cauliflower ear)

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12
Q

what is the presentation of otitis externa ?

A

otalgia
tenderness on tragus or pulling of auricle
meatus narrowing
discharge

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13
Q

what is malignant otitis externa ?

A

osteomyelitis of the lateral skull bone

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14
Q

what is the presentation of malignant otitis externa ?

A

deep seated ear pain that worsens inn the night
in a diabetic or immunocompromised patient
hasn’t been responding to treatment of otitis externa for 2 weeks
granulations may be seen on the floor of the EAC

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15
Q

what is the presentation of acute otitis media ?

A

usually in a child
fever
severe otalgia
may be preceded by URTI
injected or bulging TM

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16
Q

what is the presentation of otitis barotrauma ?

A

history of upper respiratory tract infection
history of flight or diving
earache, fullness, hearing loss, tinnitus

17
Q

what is seen on otoscopy in cases of otitic barotrauma ?

A

retracted congested TM
may be middle ear effusion or haemotympanum

18
Q

what is the prophylactic treatment for otitic barotrauma ?

A

avoid flying or diving with common cold
avoid sleeping during descent
chewing gum, valsalva maneuver
nasal decongestant drops

19
Q

what is the curative treatment for otitic barotrauma ?

A

nasal decongestant
valsalva maneuver
in severe cases myringotomy may be needed

20
Q

what are the causees of bullous myringitis ?

A

viral or bacterial

21
Q

what are the most common causative organisms in bullous myringitis ?

A

RSV
strep pneeumonia

22
Q

what is seen on otoscopy of bullous myringitis ?

A

clear or reddish bullae/vesicles
congested tympanic membrane
rupture of the bullae results in decreased levels of the pain
may be associated with bloody otorrhea

23
Q

what is the treatment for bullous myringitis ?

A

systemic antibiotics or analgesics

24
Q

what is the presentation of TMJ arthiritis ?

A

normal otoscopy
tenderness oveer TMJ
may also present with dental problems
malocclusions
bruxism

25
Q

what is the most common cause of ottalgia originating from the ear ?

A

otitis externa

26
Q

what is the most common cranial neuralgia linked to otalgia ?

A

trigeminal neuralgia

27
Q

ddx of a patient with history of URTI and otalgia ?

A

acute otitis media
otitic barotrauma

28
Q

what are the ddx of a patient with a retracted TM ?

A

inactive squamous chronic otitis media
otitic barotrauma
glue ear - otitis media with effusion

29
Q

what is the commonest cause of otalgia originating from the ear ?

A

otitis externa

30
Q

what is the commonest cause of referred otalgia in the ear ?

A

TMJ arthiritis

31
Q

what are the red flags associated with otalgia ?

A

pharyngeal or laryngeal symptoms

ENT (30 decks)

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