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ENT > stridor > Flashcards

stridor Flashcards

1
Q

what is stridor ?

A

difficult noisy respiration due to partial upper airway obstruction

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2
Q

what are the sites associated with striddor ?

A

larynx and/or trachea

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3
Q

what are the different types of stridor ?

A

inspiratory
biphasic
expiratory

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4
Q

where is the affection in inspiratory stridor ?

A

supraglottic or glottic

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5
Q

where is the affection in biphasic stridor ?

A

subglottic or tracheal

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6
Q

where is thee affection in expiratory stridor ?

A

bronchial

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7
Q

what are thee geneeral causes of stridor ?

A

congenital
traumatic
inflammatory
miscellaneous
tracheal

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8
Q

what are the congenital causes for stridor ?

A

laryngomalacia
laryngeal web
subglottic stenosis
subglottic hemangioma
cyst
bilateral vocal cord paralysis

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9
Q

what is the most common congential cause of stridor ?

A

laryngomalacia

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10
Q

what is the pathophysiology associated with laryngomalacia ?

A

cartilaginous framework of the larynx is abnormally soft and gets collapsed during inspiration
this improves when put in prone position

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11
Q

what is the prognosis and treatment for laryngomalacia ?

A

usually requires no intervention and improves by the age of 12-18 months

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12
Q

what is the pathology with laryngeal webs ?

A

incomplete canalization of the laryngeal lumen

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13
Q

what is the clinical picture of laryngeal webs ?

A

asymptomatic or weak hoarse cry
stridor if the web is largein size

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14
Q

what is thee treatment for laryngeal webs ?

A

no treatment required if asymptomatic
microlaryngeal surgery
tracheostomy if airway is compromised

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15
Q

what is the cause of congenital subglottic stenosis ?

A

in utero malformation of the cricoid cartilage

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16
Q

what is the clinical picture of congeenital subglottic stenosis ?

A

persistent stridor
recurrent episodes of croup
failure to thrive

17
Q

what is the treatment of choice in congenital subglottic stenosis ?

A

dilatation
crico tracheoplasty

18
Q

what is the most common cause of acquired subglottic stenosis in ICU pts?

A

prolonged intubation

19
Q

what are the inflammatory causes of stridor ?

A

acute laryngitis
chronic specific laryngitis
acute epiglottitis
Croup

20
Q

what are the causes of acute laryngitis ?

A

post upper respiratory tract infection
viral : influenza, parainfluenza, rhinovirus
bacterial: strp. pneumonia

21
Q

what is the clinical picture of acute laryngitis ?

A

general manifestations: fever headache and malaise
hoarseness
discomfort and pain on phonation
dry cough
mucopurulent discharge
difficulty in breathing in severe cases

22
Q

what is the treatment for acute laryngitis ?

A

rest
warm fluids
humidification
mucolytic
pain manageement

23
Q

why is acute epiglottitis not a common cause of stridor anymore ?

A

due to Hib vaccine (haemophilus influenza vaccine)

24
Q

what is the clinical picture of acute eepiglottitis ?

A

severe odynophagia
drooling of saliva
muffled hot potato voice
rapid progressive stridor

25
Q

what is the treatment for acute epiglottitis ?

A

as acute laryngitis conservative
proper airway management is crucial

26
Q

what is tthe main symptom of croup ?

A

seal like barking cough

27
Q

what is the most common causative organism of croup ?

A

parainfluenza virus

28
Q

what are the benign neoplasms that can present with stridor ?

A

recurrent respiratory papillomatosis

29
Q

what is the causative organism in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis ?

A

human papillomavirus

30
Q

what is the treatment of choice in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis ?

A

CO2 laser ablation
however has a high incidence of recurrence

31
Q

what are the malignant causes of stridor ?

A

laryngeal carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma )

32
Q

what are the miscellaneous causes of stridor ?

A

bilateral vocal cord paralysis
laryngeal oedema

33
Q

what are the tracheal causes of stridor ?

A

retrosternal goiter
mediastinal LN

34
Q

post thyroidectomy a patient presents with stridor ?

A

bilateral vocal corrd paralysis

35
Q

old age patient with a history of smoking presenting with hoarseness , is suggestive of ?

A

laryngeal carcinoma

ENT (30 decks)

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