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ENT > hearing loss > Flashcards

hearing loss Flashcards

1
Q

what are two types of hearing loss ?

A

conductive hearing loss
sensorineural hearing loss

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2
Q

what are the causes of conductive hearing loss ?

A

wax
foreign body
accute otitis media
otitis media with effusion
cholesteatoma
otosclerrosis

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3
Q

what are the causes of sensorineural hearing loss ?

A

congenital causes:
pendred syndrome ( goitre plus hearing loss)
long QT syndrome
Bjornstad syndrome ( abnormal hair)
End-organ:
advanced aging
occupational acoustic trauma
meniere’s disease
ototoxic drugs
nerve lesions:
acoustic neuroma
cranial trauma
inflammatory lesions:
labrynthitis
sarcoidosis
Tuberculous meningitis
neurosyphilis
Carcinomatous meningitis
brainstem lesions:
Multiple Sclerosis
Infarction

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4
Q

what is the treatment for wax causing hearing loss ?

A

suction and earwash

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5
Q

what is the difference between traumatic and mucosal chronic perforation ?

A

traumatic - irregular, thin edges, minimal blood, history of trauma, normal middle ear mucosa
mucosal chronic - oval/circular in shape, thick fibrotic edges, with or without discharge

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6
Q

what is the management for perforation that occured due to trauma ?

A

nothing healing should occur on its own

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7
Q

what is the management for perforation that occured due to chronic mucosal ?

A

Myringoplasty

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8
Q

what type of curve shows up in tympanometry in cases of acute otitis media with effusion ?

A

flat type B curve

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9
Q

what are the signs of cholesteatoma ?

A

retraction pocket
keratin debris
adjacent bony erosions
granulations
TM will be intact if it is a congenital cholesteatoma
purulent foul discharge

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10
Q

what are the signs of otosclerosis ?

A

the stapes is unable to move - no vibration
schwartz sign - reddish tinge is observed on the tympanic membrane
on pure tone audiogram - carhart notch - depression in the bone conduction specifically at 2kHz

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11
Q

what is presbycussis ?

A

SNHL that happens due to old age

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12
Q

what is the presentation of presbycusis ?

A

bilateral gradual onset
may be associated with tinnitus
normal ear examination

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13
Q

what is the presentation of NIHL ?

A

history of exposure to loudd noises
often associated with tinnitus
normal otoscopy

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14
Q

what is diagnostic about NIHL on pure tone audiogram ?

A

characteristic SNHL patter at 4kHz

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15
Q

what is labrynthitis ?

A

inflammation of thee inner ear due to a virus or bacteria

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16
Q

what is the presentation of labrynthitis?

A

vertigo
nausea and vomiting
nystagmus
SNHL

17
Q

what is the presentation of meniere’s disease ?

A

feeling of aural fullness before thee attack of vertigo
usually rotatory vertigo
fluctuating SNHL
nausea and vomiting
tinnitus

18
Q

what is the presentation of an acoustic neuroma ?

A

sudden onset of unilateral hearing loss ( can be bilateral)
very poor speeech discrimination
normal otoscopy

19
Q

how can an acoustic neuroma be diagnosed ?

A

through an MRI

20
Q

where is thee location of an acoustic neuroma ?

A

cerebellopontine angle

21
Q

what is the immediate treatment for sudden sensorineural hearing loss ?

A

steroids
vasodilators

22
Q

how do hearing aids work ?

A

through the amplification of surrounding sound

23
Q

what is the difference between cochlear implants and auditory brainstem implants ?

A

implants in cochlea
implants in brainstem

24
Q

what type of patients would need an auditory brainstem implant ?

A

in patients who need to bypass the auditory nerve such as cases of congenital cochlear nerve aplasia

25
Q

what is the most common cause of hearing loss ?

A

ear wax

26
Q

which drugs are ototoxic ?

A

gentamicin
furosemide

27
Q

what is the presentation of sudden sensorineural hearing loss ?

A

sudden unilateral SNHL
may be associated with vertigo or tinnitus

28
Q

what is the diagnostic investigation for sudden sensorineural hearing loss ?

A

pure tone audiogram

29
Q

what is the other name for acoustic neuroma ?

A

vestibular schwannoma

ENT (30 decks)

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