Vertebral Column Flashcards
nucleus pulposus dehydrate & lose elastin & proteoglycans while gaining collagen; IV disks lose strength but increase in size
natural aging of IV disks/vertebrae
narrowing of IV disks indicates?
pathology, not normal aging
major cause of lower back & limb pain; 95% L4/5 or L5/S1
herniation of nucleus pulposi
acute middle/low back pain caused by mild posterolateral protrusion of lumbar IV at L5-S1 that affects pain receptors on posterior longitudinal ligament
lumbago
pain in low back & hip caused by herniated lumbar disk compressing L5/S1 of sciatic nerve
sciatica
incomplete dislocation of median atlantoaxial joint —> compression of spinal cord between atlas and dens can lead to quadriplegia or medulla (death)
atlantoaxial subluxation
30% increase in range of motion of neck
rupture of alar ligament
headache and cervo-occipital pain
compression of C2 SN from atlantoaxial rotation
stretch or tear of anterior longitudinal ligament due to?
whiplash
facet jumping caused by?
hyperflexion
hyperextention of head on neck causes?
spondylolysis —> rupture of anterior longitudinal ligament and annulus fibrosus of C2/3
forward displacement of vertebrae
spondylolisthesis
abnormal increase in thoracic curvature; erosion of anterior part of vertebrae
kyphosis; dowager’s hump
increase in lumbar curvature caused by anterior rotation of pelvis; weakened trunk muscles
lordosis; pregnancy & obesity
abnormal lateral curvature & rotation of vertebrae; causes: asymmetrical weakness of intrinsic back muscles, failure of 1/2 vertebra to form, difference in length of lower limbs
scoliosis
restriction of thorax & lung expansion
kyphoscoliosis
extraction of CSF from lumbar cistern to diagnose CNS disorders
lumbar spinal puncture
where is anesthesia injected for a spinal block?
subarachnoid space
what is the significance of the Artery of Adamkiewicz (great anterior segmental medullary artery)
medullary arteries feed spinal cord. fractures/dislocations/disease of arteries can impair medullary arteries which would lead to muscle weakness & paralysis
damage to ligament without causing dislocation or fracture is called?
muscle sprain
damage to muscles usually involving lumbar joints especially erector spinae causing low back pain
muscle strain
light-headedness & dizziness due to interfering with blood supply to brainstem
prolonged turning of head; arteriosclerosis