Integumentary System

Question 1

excessive keratinization, dryness, fish-scale like skin

Answer 1

ichthyosis

Question 2

thick, ridged, & cracked skin; inherited

Answer 2

harlequin fetus

Question 3

covered at birth with a thick, taut membrane that cracks & falls off in sheets

Answer 3

collodian baby

Question 4

similar to collodian baby but the scaling persists & interferes with development of sweat glands & hair

Answer 4

lamellar ichthyosis

Question 5

missing teeth; hair, nails, skin affected; hereditary

Answer 5

congenital ectodermal dysplasia

Question 6

ectodermal dysplasia, cleft lip/palate, ectrodactyly

Answer 6

ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting syndrome

Question 7

most common benign neoplasms in infants, anterior near face

Answer 7

port-wine stain hemangioma

Question 8

skin, hair, retina lack pigment; general & localized

Answer 8

albinism

Question 9

excessive development of male breast tissue

Answer 9

gynecomastia

Question 10

absence of nipples

Answer 10

athelia

Question 11

absence of breasts

Answer 11

amastia

Question 12

extra breast

Answer 12

polymastia

Question 13

extra nipple

Answer 13

polythelia

Question 14

supernumerary nipple

Answer 14

common in males & develop from extra mammary buds along mammary crest

Question 15

absence of loss of scalp hair

Answer 15

alopecia

Question 16

hair loss from failure of hair follicle development

Answer 16

congenital alopecia

Question 17

excessive hairiness due to extra hair follicles

Answer 17

hypertrichosis

Question 18

twisted & bent hairs; ectodermal defects

Answer 18

pili torti (familial)

Question 19

congenital absence of nails

Answer 19

aplastic anonychia

Question 20

natal teeth

Answer 20

erupted at birth (1/2000)

Question 21

pits/fissures in enamel of teeth

Answer 21

enamel hypoplasia

Question 22

cyst development in mandible, maxilla, or maxillary sinus from unerupted teeth

Answer 22

dentigerous cyst

Question 23

brown to gray-blue colored teeth due to odontoblasts fail to differentiate & poorly calcify dentin

Answer 23

dentinogenessi imperfecta

Question 24

vitamin D deficiency that causes impaired calcium absorption in intestines & ossification of epiphyseal cartilage plates

Answer 24

rickets

Question 25

common cause of dwarfism; bowed & short limbs & trunk, enlarged head

Answer 25

achondoplasia

Question 26

lethal skeletal dysplasia; respiratory failure causes death in infants within minutes of birth

Answer 26

thantophoric dysplasia

Question 27

excessive height & body proportions

Answer 27

gigantism

Question 28

enlargement of soft tissues, visceral organs, & bones of hands, face, & feet; bones can’t elongate

Answer 28

acromegaly

Question 29

growth retardation, mental deficiencies, skeletal abnormalities, deficiencies of fetal thyroid hormone

Answer 29

cretinism

Question 30

absence of pec major muscle

Answer 30

associated with Poland’s syndrome, absence of mammary gland, & syndactyly

Question 31

failure of normal muscle development leading to immobility of joints

Answer 31

arthrogryposis multiplex congenital

Question 32

incomplete expansion of lungs and pneumonitis

Answer 32

congenital absence of diaphragm

Question 33

injury to sternocleidomastoid during birth, fixed rotation of head; muscle becomes fibrous tissue & shortens

Answer 33

congenital torticollis (wryneck syndrome)

Question 34

absence of limb/s

Answer 34

amelia - suppression of limb bud development

Question 35

absence of part of limb/s

Answer 35

meromelia - disturbance of growth of limb

Question 36

absence of central digits from failure of digital rays to develop

Answer 36

cleft hand

Question 37

hand deviates laterally & ulna bows; failure of mesenchymal primordium of radius to form

Answer 37

congenital absence of radius

Question 38

short digits

Answer 38

brachydachyly

Question 39

supernumerary digits (inherited)

Answer 39

polydactyly

Question 40

failure of webs to degenerate between digits

Answer 40

cutaneous syndactyly

Question 41

notches between digital rays fail to develop; no separation of digits

Answer 41

osseus syndactyly

Question 42

lack of pre or post axial partition of limb muscles

Answer 42

hemimelia

Question 43

missing middle digits of hand

Answer 43

ectrodactyly