Lungs & Pleura Flashcards
presence of air in pleural cavity
pneumothorax due to injuries to superior thoracic aperature (cervical pleura & apex)
collapse of a previously inflated lung
secondary atelectasis
failure of a lung to inflate at birth
primary atelectasis
how do you prevent secondary atelectasis during open chest surgery?
intubation and positive pressure pump (keeps lungs inflated during surgery)
effusion of fluid into pleural cavity
hydrothorax
blood enters pleural cavity due to chest wound hitting intercostal or internal thoracic arteries
hemothorax
insertion of needle into pleural cavity to attain sample; superior to rib
thoracentesis (9th intercostal space to avoid inferior border of lung & angle needle superiorly to avoid recess)
where would you insert a chest tube?
5th or 6th intercostal space in midaxillary line; angle superiorly to drain air or inferiorly to drain fluid
surgical excision of part of pleura
pleurectomy
induced adherence of parietal and visceral pleura to prevent secondary atelectasis from pneumothorax
pleurodesis
examination of pleural cavity
thoracoscopy
inflammation of pleura
pleuritis (detectable with stethoscope)
accessory lobe in right lung superior to hilum & separated with arch of azygos vein
azygos lobe
sites for auscultation of lungs and percussion of thorax
root of neck (apices of lungs) & inferioposterior part of inferior lobe (posterior thoracic wall at T10 level)
typical site for aspirated foreign bodies
right main bronchus
distortion of carina visualized in a bronchoscopy is indicative of?
enlarged tracheobronchial lymph nodes from bronchogenic carcinoma
surgical removal of lung
pneumonectomy