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1st year systems > ventilation and compliance > Flashcards

ventilation and compliance Flashcards

1
Q

what is the anatomical dead space volume?

A

150ml

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2
Q

what is the partial pressure

A

the pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases is equivalent to the percentage of that particular gas in the entire mixture multiplied by the pressure of the whole gaseous mixture

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3
Q

what is the order of volumes starting with the nearest to the dead space?

A 
residual 
expiratory reserve
tidal
inspiratory reserve
RETI
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4
Q

whats the volume of the anatomical dead space?

A

150ml

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5
Q

what is the anatomical dead space

A

the volume of gas occupied by the conducting airways

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6
Q

is the anatomical dead space gas available for for exchange?

A

no

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7
Q

slide 5, learn those mf lung volumes and capacities

A

rip

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8
Q

what does the term ‘ventilation’ refer to?

A

movement of air in and out lungs

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9
Q

what are the two types of ventilation

A

pulmonary and alveolar ventilation

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10
Q

what is pulmonary ventilation

A

total air movement in and out of lungs

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11
Q

what is alveolar ventilation

A

fresh air getting to alveoli and therefore available for gas exchange

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12
Q

how much does an average human inhale and exhale?

A

500ml

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13
Q

what happens at the end of expiration

A

dead space filled with stale air from alveoli

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14
Q

what hhappens at end of inspiration?

A

dead space filled with fresh air

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15
Q

what is daltons law?

A

total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the pressure of the individual gases

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16
Q

what is partial pressure?

A

The pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases is equivalent to the percentage of that particular gas in the entire mixture multiplied by the pressure of the whole gaseous mixture

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17
Q

what is pressure expressed in?

A

mmHg or kPa units

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18
Q

what happens to P02 and Pc02 during hyper-ventilation?

A 
Po2 rises (120)
Pc02 falls (20)
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19
Q

what happens to P02 and Pc02 during hypo-ventilation?

A 
P02 falls (30)
Pc02 rises (100)
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20
Q

what is surfactant?

A

detergent like fluid

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21
Q

what produces surfactant

A

type 2 alveolar cells

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22
Q

what is the function of type 1 cells

A

permit gas exchange

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23
Q

what is the function of type 2 cells

A

secrete surfactant fluid

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24
Q

whats the function of surfactatnt

A

Reduces surface tension on alveolar surface membrane thus reducing tendency for alveoli to collapse

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25
when does surface tension occur
where ever there is an air-water interface and refers to the attraction between water molecules
26
whats the definition of compliance
change in volume relative to change in pressure
27
what is high complaince
large increase in lung volume for small decrease in ip pressure
28
true or false | expiration is passive
true
29
whats Emphysema
loss of elastic tissue means expiration requires effort
30
Fibrosis
inert fibrous tissue means effort of inspiration increases
31
true or false | Alveolar ventilation declines with height from base to apex.
true
32
does compliance incline or decline with height from base to apex
decline
33
whats the difference between obstructive and restrictive lung disease?
obstructive - obstruction of air flow especiallion on expiration restrictive- restriction of lung expansion
34
what is COPD
Chronic bronchitis - Inflammation of the bronchi Emphysema -Destruction of the alveoli, loss of elasticity
35
what is spirometry?
technique used to measure lung function
36
what are the 2 classes of measurements of lung function
static and dynamic
37
what is a static lung function
where the only consideration made is the volume exhaled
38
what is the dynamic lung function
where the time taken to exhale a certain volume is what is being measured
39
whats a form of restrictive lung disease?
pulmonary fibrosis
40
what is the normal volume of alveolar ventilation?
4.2 litres
41
when is a person hypoventilating?
when they have less than 4.2 alveolar ventilation, quick af breathes
42
when is a person hyperventilatoing
when they have more than 4.2 alveolar ventilation, long ass breathes
43
what is the effect of fibrosis?
effort of inspiration increases
44
what is the effect of emphysema?
expiration requires effort
45
list some restrictive lung diseases? (4)
fibrosis infant respiratory distress syndrome oedema pneumothorax
46
what should the volume of force expirated in 1 second in a healthy male?
4 litres
47
what should the volume of forced vital capacity in a healthy male?
5 litres
48
what is the effect of COPD
rate at which air is inhaled is much lower | total expired volume is reduced
49
what is the effect of pulmonary fibrosis
absolutew rate of airflow is reduced | total volume is reduced due to limitations to lung expansion
50
why dont type 2 cells permit gas exchange?
walls are too thick
51
why is surfacant helpful?
reduces attraction of water to eachother and reduces surface tension therefore stops alveoli from collapsing
52
why is surfactant more effective in small alveoli than large?
surfactant molecules come closer together and are therefore more concentrated.
53
is pressure greater in smaller or larger alveoli?
smaller alveoli
54
why do we want more smaller alveoli?
less surface area
55
how do you eqqualise the pressure in alveoli and prevent it from collapsing?
surfactant
56
why are babies susceptible to infant rest distress syndrome?
surfactant production doesnt start till 25 weeks and is only completed at 36 weeks.
57
whats the term used for the stretchability of the lungs?
compliance
58
is high compliance healthy lungs or poor lungs?
healthy lungs
59
is low compliance ever good?
no
60
what is low compliance
small increase in lung volume for large decrease in ip pressure
61
when is high compliance bad?
if it doesnt come with high elasticity
62
is volume in the lungs effected by gravity?
yes
63
whats an example of obstructive lung disorders
COPD
64
what are two types of COPD
chronic bronchitis and emphysema
65
what effects do loss of compliance have?
lung stiffness and incomplete lung expansion
66
what can spirometer not measure?
residual volume
67
is the forced exp volume in 1 second lower in obstructive or restrictive
obstructive
68
if you have a normal ratio does it always mean you have healthy lungs?
no, it could be restrictive lung disease and could have lower absolute numbers

1st year systems (74 decks)

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