exchange and the lymphatic system

Question 1

what are present in capillaries that allows it to shut?

Answer 1

precapillary sphincters

Question 2

what is the function of capillaries?

Answer 2

specialised for exchange

Question 3

do continuous capillaries have leaky junctions?

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

what are present in fenestrated capillaries?

Answer 4

large pores

Question 5

true or false: endothelium has anticlotting mechanisms

Answer 5

true

Question 6

whats the mechanism of anticlotting in the endothelium?

Answer 6

Stops blood contacting collagen

Produces prostacyclin and NO

Produces tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)

Expresses thrombomodulin

Expresses heparin

Secretes tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)

Question 7

whats the effect of producing protacyclin and nitrogen oxide?

Answer 7

both inhibit platelet aggregation

Question 8

what is the effect of producing tissue factor pathway inhibitor?

Answer 8

stops thrombin production

Question 9

what is the effect of endothelium expressing thrombomodulin?

Answer 9

binds thrombin and inactivates it

Question 10

what is the effect of endothelium expressing heparin

Answer 10

also inactivates thrombin

Question 11

does hydrostatic pressure increase or decrease as blood progresses from arteriole to venue?

Answer 11

decreases

Question 12

does osmotic pressure increase or decrease as blood progresses from arteriole to venue?

Answer 12

increases

Question 13

what is oedema?

Answer 13

accumulation of excess fluid

Question 14

why might there be a lymphatic obstruction?

Answer 14

due to filariasis, surgery

Question 15

why might there be a raised CVP (central venous pressure)

Answer 15

due to ventricular failure

Question 16

why might there be Hypoproteinemia

Answer 16

due to nephrosis, liver failure, nutrition

Question 17

why might there be Increased capillary permeability

Answer 17

inflammation, eg rheumatism