Pathophysiology of Congestion & Oedema Flashcards
what is congestion?
relative excess of blood in vessels of tissue
is congestion active or passive
passive
is congestion acute or chronic?
can be both
what are clinical pathology examples of congestion?
local acute congestion
local chronic congestion
generalised acute congestion
whats an example of local acute congestion?
deep vein thrombosis
whats an example of chronic congestion
hepatic cirrhosis
whats an example of generalised acute congestion?
congestive cardiac failure
what is the deep vain blocked by?
localised acute congestion
how does blood being backed up in veins/venules/capillaries effect blood, flow and pressure?
decreased outflow of blood
decreased pressure gradient
decreased flow across system
no oxygen therefore ischaemia and infarction
what does hepatic cirrhosis result from?
serious liver damage e.g. HBV and alcohol
where is the congestion in hepatic cirrhosis?
portal vein and branches
what happens to the heart with congestive heart failure?
unable to clear blood, right and left ventricle
what effects does congestive heart failure have on the body?
decreased cardiac output
decreased renal glomuler filtration rate
activation of RAAS
increase amount of fluid in the body
fluid overload in the veins
with what medication would treat fluid overload in the veins?
diuretics
what effects does congestive cardiac failure have on the lungs and in turn how does this effect anything else?
pulmonary oedema in the lungs, this results in -
left heart failure- blood dams back into lungs
crepitations in lungs, tachycardia
what effects does congestive cardiac failure have on the liver and in turn how does this effect anything else?
cetral venous congestion, this results in -
right heart failure- blood dams back into systemic circulation
increased JVP, hepatomegaly, peripheral oedema
what is the appearence of a hepatic central venous congested liver macroscopically?
“Nutmeg” liver red/brown & pale spotty appearance
why are pericentral hepatocytes red?
stasis of poorly oxygenated blood