Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1st year systems > ischaemic heart disease and valvular disease > Flashcards

ischaemic heart disease and valvular disease Flashcards

1
Q

what are the causes of cardiac ischaemia?

A 
Atherosclerosis
Embolism
Coronary thrombosis
Aortic dissection
Arteritides
Congenital
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are manifestations of ischaemic heart disease

A 
Angina
MI
Arrythmias
Chronic heart failure
Sudden death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the dangerous patterns of coronary artery disease?

A

Left main stem stenosis

3 vessel coronary artery disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are indications for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABC)

A

Symptomatic (any CAD pattern)

Prognostic (LMSS, 3VDx)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the selection of patients for

A 
Adequate lung function
Adequate mental function
Adequate hepatic function
Ascending aorta OK
Distal coronary targets OK
LV EF > 20%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

conduits for CABC

A

Reversed saphenous vein
Internal mammary arteries
Radial arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are sternomoty related problems?

A

Wire infection
Painful wires
Sternal dehiscence
Sternal malunion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are examples of post op problems in cardiac surgery?

A

Cardiac Tamponade
Death
Stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are pimary features of cardiac tamponade following cardiac surgery?

A

Raised CVP, raised heart rate, low BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are secondary features of cardiac tamponade following cardiac surgery?

A

Oliguria, increased oxygen requirements, metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is treatment of cardiac tamponade following cardiac surgery?

A

chest re-opening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

for an adult with valvular heart disease, how would you perform sugery on them?

A

Mainly aortic and mitral valve surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

for a child with valvular heart disease, how would you perform sugery on them?

A

All four heart valves operated with roughly equal frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the causes of valvular heart disease in the adult?

A 
Degenerative
Congenital
Infective
Inflammatory 
LV or RV dilatation
Trauma
Neoplastic 
Paraneoplastic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the three commonest valve problems requiring cardiac surgery in aberdeen?

A

Senile Tricuspid AS

Bicuspid AS

Degenerative MR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is rheumatic fever?

A

a complication of untreated strep throat
Rheumatic fever can damage body tissues by causing them to swell, but its greatest danger lies in the damage it can do to your heart.

17
Q

what is rheumatic fever treated with?

A

aspirin and bed rest

18
Q

whats the most common heart problem world wide?

A

Chronic Rheumatic Heart Disease

19
Q

whats the most common organism in endocarditis?

A

strep viridans

gives subacute bacterial endocarditis

20
Q

whats the second most common organism in endocarditis?

A

steph aureus

gives rise to acute bacterial endocarditis

21
Q

what are indications for surgery in endocarditis?

A

Severe valvular regurgitation
Large vegetations
Persistent pyrexia
Progressive renal failure

22
Q

what s given after operation of endocarditis?

A

antibiotics are given IV for 6 weeks

23
Q

what are the presentations of aortic stenosis?

A

heart failure, angina, syncopal episodes or as an asymptomatic incidental finding

24
Q

what are presentations of aortic regurgitation

A

heart failure, angina or as an asymptomatic incidental finding

25
Q

is a murmur easier to hear in aortic stenosis or aortic regurgitation?

A

stenosis

26
Q

how would you be able to hear the murmur more easily for mitral stenosis?

A

may have to exercise the patient to hear it

27
Q

when is a surgery recommended for mitral stenosis?

A

if MVA on ECHO is <1.5cm2

28
Q

are murmurs easier to hear in mitral regurgitation?

A

yeah

29
Q

what is severe MR associated with?

A

LV and LA dilation onset of AF and pulmonary hypertension

30
Q

what is Cardiopulmonary Bypass

A

technique in which a machine temporarily takes over the function of the heart and lungs during surgery, maintaining the circulation of blood and the oxygen content of the patient’s body.

31
Q

what are the two types of heart valve prothesis?

A

biological and mechanical valve

32
Q

what are the positives and negatives for biological valve?

A

No warfarin required but the valve wears out after 15 years

33
Q

what are the positives and negatives for mechanical valve?

A

Warfarin required for life. Valve lasts for > 40 years

1st year systems (74 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions