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1st year systems > anatomy of cvs > Flashcards

anatomy of cvs Flashcards

1
Q

whats the function of the heart?

A

to pump blood

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2
Q

whats the function of the arteries?

A

distribute blood from the heart

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3
Q

whats the function of the capillaries?

A

exchange nutrients

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4
Q

whats the function of the veins

A

collect and return blood to the heart

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5
Q

whats the function of the lymphatics

A

drain excess extracellular fluid from tissues

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6
Q

where is heart located?

A

middle mediastinum

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7
Q

what are the two main circulations?

A

pulmonary

systemic

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8
Q

what is the pulmonary circulation?

A

heart-lungs- heart

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9
Q

what is the systemic circulation?

A

Heart-body-heart

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10
Q

whats the mediastinum?

A

area of the thoracic cavity between pleual sacs

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11
Q

what ribs does the heart lie in?

A

T5-T8

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12
Q

where is the apex of the heart

A

bottom of the heart, lies in the 5th intercostal space

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13
Q

what are the layers of the heart?

A

endocardium
myocardium
epicardium

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14
Q

what is the endocardium made of?

A

Epithelium + *BM + Connective tissue

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15
Q

what muscle is myocardium made out of?

A

cardiac muscle

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16
Q

what is epicardium made of?

A

Connective tissue + *BM + Epithelium

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17
Q

does endocardium form valves?

A

yes

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18
Q

is myocardium striated or non?

A

striated

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19
Q

what are myocytes connected by?

A

intercalated discs

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20
Q

what are cusps?

A

thin structures derived from endocardium

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21
Q

what prevents valve failure?

A

chordae tendineae

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22
Q

what are the two valves called

A

mirtal and tricuspid

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23
Q

which side of the heart is mitral valve?

A

left

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24
Q

which side of the heart lies the tricuspid

A

right

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25
Q

what does stenosis of a valve mean?

A

narrowing

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26
Q

what is incompetence of a valve?

A

abnormal cusp and blood flows back through it

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27
Q

where are coronary arteries located?

A

epicardium

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28
Q

what happens in systole openings?

A

aortic sinuses shielded by aortic valve cusps

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29
Q

what happens in diastole?

A

elastic recoil of aorta closes aortic valve and blood enters arteries

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30
Q

what holds the heart in place?

A

Hangs” by great vessels within fibrous pericardium

Dense connective tissue bag

Attachments
Central tendon of diaphragm
Sternum
Roots of great vessels

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31
Q

what does the serous pericardium produce

A

Secretes pericardial fluid – lubricant

32
Q

whats the visceral layer of the serous pericardium?

A

bound to heart

33
Q

whats the parietal layer of the serous pericardium?

A

bound to fibrous pericardium

34
Q

what are the three tunics of blood vessels?

A

tunica intima, media, externa/adventitia

35
Q

what is the tunica intima made of?

A

Epithelium + BM + Connective tissue

36
Q

what is tunica media made of?

A

Muscle + Elastic tissue

37
Q

what is tunica externa made of?

A

fibrous connective tissue

38
Q

which has the smaller diameter between arteries and veins?

A

arteries

39
Q

do arteries or veins have a thicker wall?

A

arteries

40
Q

do arteries have a thick media and thick adventitia (externa)

A

thick media

thin adventitia

41
Q

do veins have a thick media and thick adventitia (externa)

A

thin media

thick adventitia

42
Q

what are the three type of arteries?

A

elastic
muscular
arterioles

43
Q

what are the elastic arteries?

A

large conducting

eg aorta, common carotid, pulmonary

44
Q

what are the muscular arteries?

A

distrubuting arteries

eg coronary arteries, radial, femoral

45
Q

what are the arterioles arteries?

A

terminal branches which supply blood to capillary bed

46
Q

what is the function of elastic arteries

A

Pressure reservoir

Stretched during systole

During diastole heart relaxes pressure falls, the artery recoils thereby maintaining pressure on the blood

This recoil and stretchability is due to presence of extensive amounts of elastic fibres in T. Media in the form of layers = laminae

47
Q

what are elastic fibres secreted by?

A

smooth muscle cells

48
Q

what is the function of muscular arteries?

A

Controls distribution of blood to regions

49
Q

what type of muscle is T.media?

A

smooth muscle

50
Q

what are the two defined sheets in which elastic fibres are concentrated in?

A

internal elastic lamina

51
Q

where is the thin external?outer elastic lamina?

A

between T.media and T. adventitia

52
Q

do arterioles have a T. adventitia?

A

no

53
Q

what gradually changes histologically to become arterioles?

A

smaller muscular arteries

54
Q

what are the function of arterioles?

A

Rich sympathetic nerve innervation

Control blood flow to capillary beds (local)

Control blood pressure (systemic)

55
Q

whats the main site for nutrients, gases?

A

capillaries

56
Q

are capillaries thick or thin

A

thin

57
Q

do capillaries have all three tunicas?

A

no they only have T.intima

58
Q

what are the three types of capillary?

A

continuous
fenestrated
discontinuous

59
Q

what are the characteristics of a continuous capillary?

A

Can control what is exchanged

Selective transport mechanisms

60
Q

where might there be fenestrated capillaries?

A

. endocrine glands, kidney renal corpuscle

61
Q

what are characteristics of discontinuous capillaries?

A

Gaps between endothelial cells (and basement membrane)

Allow free passage of fluid and cells

Eg. liver, spleen, bone marrow

62
Q

true or false: T.intima contains phagocytic cells

A

true

63
Q

where do you find sinusoids?

A

liver and some endocrine glands

64
Q

why do veins need a thicker adventitia?

A

they are floppy and need some support

65
Q

what are the main difference between arterie and vein

A

diametre
thickness of wall
adventitia

66
Q

true or false: capillaries are a single cell folded on itself

A

true

67
Q

what are pericytes?

A

incomplete layer of cells surrounding basement membrane – have contractile properties which help control flow of blood in the capillaries.

68
Q

what are sinusoids?

A

variation of a discontinuous capillary

has a large diametre and wider than you would expect

69
Q

what are precapillary sphincters?

A

close the capillary to allow a AV shunt

70
Q

are the internal and external lamina thick in veins?

A

no - thin or absent

71
Q

do veins have T. meda?

A

thin or absent

72
Q

what is the T. adventitia made out of in veins?

A

collagenous tissue

73
Q

where are the difference in superficial and deep veins most obvious?

A

lower limb

74
Q

whats the differene in superficial and deep veins?

A

superficial- thick walled
no surrounding support

deep- thin walled
surrounding support from deep fascia and muscles

75
Q

what is the diagnostic difference between a vein and lymphatic channel?

A

there should be no red blood cells in lymphatic channels

1st year systems (74 decks)

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