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Toxicology (Spring 2017) > Venoms and Poisons > Flashcards

Venoms and Poisons Flashcards

1
Q

What is a biotoxin?

A

Toxin of biological origin

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2
Q

What are 2 examples of a hemotoxin?

A
  1. Pit vipers

2. Viperid snakes

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3
Q

What are 4 examples of a neurotoxin?

A
  1. Botulism
  2. Black widow spider
  3. Scorpions
  4. Jellyfish
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4
Q

What are 4 examples of a cytotoxin?

A
  1. Mushrooms
  2. Blue-green algae
  3. Blister beetles
  4. Brown recluse spider
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5
Q

What does venemous mean?

A

Producing a toxin in a highly specialized gland to purposefully deliver that toxin during biting or stinging

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6
Q

What does poisonous mean?

A

Accumulating a toxin in various body parts so that when ingested delivers toxin un-purposefully

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7
Q

What is an offensive venom?

A
  1. Usually associated with the oral pole (fangs)

2. Used for predation/feeding

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8
Q

What is a defensive venom?

A
  1. Usually associated with the aboral pole (stingers)

2. Assumed to be beneficial to survival

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9
Q

Which of the following is often of a high molecular weight protein, venom or poison?

A

Venom

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10
Q

Which of the following is usually absorbed by the GIT, venom or poison?

A

Poison

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11
Q

What of the following may have enzymatic properties, venom or poison?

A

Venom

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12
Q

What is the most advanced venom delivery method in the snake?

A

Solenoglyphs

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13
Q

Which snakes are solenoglyphs?

A
  1. Vipers

2. Rattlesnakes

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14
Q

Which snakes are proteroglyphs?

A
  1. Cobras

2. Coral snakes

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15
Q

Which snakes are aglyphous?

A

Python

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16
Q

Snakes have an extra bone in the jaw for “hinging”. What is this bone called and what is its purpose?

A

Quadrate bone - allows for swallowing prey much larger than the snake’s head

17
Q

What are 3 snakes in the Elapidae family?

A
  1. Cobra
  2. Krait
  3. Coral
18
Q

True or False: Coral snakes are of a limited threat in North America.

A

TRUE

19
Q

The neurotoxic polypeptides in Coral snake venom bind reversibly or irreversibly?

A

Irreversibly

20
Q

What enzyme is found in the venom of the Coral snake?

A

Phospholipase-A

21
Q

True or False: Clinical signs associated with Coral snake bites can be delayed.

A

TRUE: Up to 12 hours

22
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with Coral snake bites?

A
  1. Ascending flaccid paralysis
  2. Hypotension
  3. CNS depression
  4. Salivation
  5. Tachycardia
23
Q

What typically is the cause of death associated with a Coral snake bite?

A

Respiratory failure

24
Q

With a Coral snake bite, what would you expect on lab work?

A
  1. Hematuria
  2. Hemoglobinuria
  3. Myoglobinemia
  4. Increased CPK
  5. Increased Alk Phos
  6. Anemia
25
Q

How would you treat an exposure to Coral snake venom?

A
  1. Antivenom

2. Ventilator support

Toxicology (Spring 2017) (15 decks)

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