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Toxicology (Spring 2017) > Common Toxicants in Wildlife > Flashcards

Common Toxicants in Wildlife Flashcards

1
Q

Do organochlorinated insecticides have a low or high acute toxicity?

A

Low

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2
Q

Where in the body do organochlorinated compounds accumulate?

A

Fatty tissue

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3
Q

Organochlorinated compound accumulate in fatty tissue as what?

A

DDE

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4
Q

Which compound’s effect include eggshell thining?

A

DDT

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5
Q

What type of insecticide is methomyl?

A

Carbamate

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6
Q

What type of insecticide is aldicarb?

A

Carbamate

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7
Q

Where would you find aldicarb on a bird necropsy?

A

Proventriculus

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8
Q

How do you treat an organophosphate or carbamate toxicosis?

A

Atropine (50 mg/lkg)

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9
Q

Which requires repeated exposures to cause toxicity, first or second generation rodenticides?

A

First

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10
Q

True or False: First generation rodenticides accumulate in the liver.

A

FALSE: First generation rodenticides do NOT accumulate in the liver.

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11
Q

What level of toxicity is caused by first generation rodenticides?

A

Intermediate

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12
Q

What level of toxicity is caused by second generation rodenticides?

A

High

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13
Q

Which requires a single exposure to cause toxicosis, first or second generation rodenticides?

A

Second

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14
Q

What are 2 examples of second generation rodenticides?

A
  1. Brodifacoum

2. Bromadiolone

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15
Q

True or False: Second generation rodenticides accumulate in the liver.

A

TRUE

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16
Q

True or False: Second generation rodenticides can cause a secondary toxicosis.

A

TRUE

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17
Q

What is the “new DDT” in wildlife?

A

Brodifacoum

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18
Q

What is the best sample for 2nd generation rodenticide poisoning?

A

Liver

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19
Q

Lead is what kind of toxicant in birds?

A

Neurotoxicant

20
Q

True or False: Lead kills millions of birds every year.

21
Q

What is the half life of lead pellets?

A

200-300 years

22
Q

Which can bioaccumulate, lead or selenium?

23
Q

What are the clinical effects of selenium toxicity?

A
  1. Embryotoxicity (mortality, teratogenesis, lack of development)
  2. Reduced growth
  3. Mortality
  4. Abnormal feather loss
24
Q

What would you see on histopathology associated with a selenium toxicity?

A

Liver lesions

25
Which of the following bioaccumulates, selenium or mercury?
Selenium AND mercury
26
What type of toxicant is mercury?
Neurotoxin
27
True or False: Selenium is an immunosuppressive.
FALSE
28
True or False: Mercury is an immunosuppressive.
TRUE
29
True or False: Selenium is embryotoxic.
TRUE
30
True or False: Mercury is embryotoxic.
TRUE
31
True or False: Low levels of mercury are found in stranded marine mammals.
FALSE: high concentrations of mercury are found in stranded marine animals.
32
What does PCB stand for?
Polychlorinated biphenyls
33
What type of compound are PCBs?
Chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons
34
Are PCBs liphphilic or lipophopic?
Lipophilic
35
PCBs are _____, _____, and ______.
1. Persistent 2. Biocumulative 3. Biomagnified
36
PCBs cause depressed ______, decreased ______, and deleterious effects on ______ behavior.
PCBs cause depressed reproduction, decreased blood thyroxine, and deleterious effects on nesting behavior.
37
What does PBDEs stand for?
Polybrominated diphenyl esters
38
PBDEs in birds deleteriously affect _____ and are ______.
PBDEs in birds deleteriously affect REPRODUCTION and are IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE.
39
There were toxicoses in what species wintering in southern states of the U.S. after ingesting peanuts containing aflatoxin?
Sandhill crane
40
What is avian vacuolar myelopathy associated with?
Toxigenic cyanobacterium that grows on the exotic invasive Hydrilla
41
Where is avian vacuolar myelopathy seen in the U.S.?
1. Carolinas 2. Florida (South east)
42
Which avian species are affected by avian vacuolar myelopathy?
1. Coots 2. Waterfowl 3. Bald eagles
43
How are bald eagles poisoned with toxigenic cyanobacterium from Hydrilla?
By eating coots and other waterfowl
44
What is Diclofenac?
NASID
45
What is Diclofenac's target enzyme?
COX-2
46
Which avian species is particularly sensitive to Diclofenac?
Vultures
47
What is the result of Diclofenac's effect on the body?
Acute renal failure

Toxicology (Spring 2017) (15 decks)

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