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Toxicology (Spring 2017) > Common Toxicants in Wildlife > Flashcards

Common Toxicants in Wildlife Flashcards

1
Q

Do organochlorinated insecticides have a low or high acute toxicity?

A

Low

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2
Q

Where in the body do organochlorinated compounds accumulate?

A

Fatty tissue

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3
Q

Organochlorinated compound accumulate in fatty tissue as what?

A

DDE

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4
Q

Which compound’s effect include eggshell thining?

A

DDT

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5
Q

What type of insecticide is methomyl?

A

Carbamate

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6
Q

What type of insecticide is aldicarb?

A

Carbamate

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7
Q

Where would you find aldicarb on a bird necropsy?

A

Proventriculus

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8
Q

How do you treat an organophosphate or carbamate toxicosis?

A

Atropine (50 mg/lkg)

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9
Q

Which requires repeated exposures to cause toxicity, first or second generation rodenticides?

A

First

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10
Q

True or False: First generation rodenticides accumulate in the liver.

A

FALSE: First generation rodenticides do NOT accumulate in the liver.

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11
Q

What level of toxicity is caused by first generation rodenticides?

A

Intermediate

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12
Q

What level of toxicity is caused by second generation rodenticides?

A

High

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13
Q

Which requires a single exposure to cause toxicosis, first or second generation rodenticides?

A

Second

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14
Q

What are 2 examples of second generation rodenticides?

A
  1. Brodifacoum

2. Bromadiolone

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15
Q

True or False: Second generation rodenticides accumulate in the liver.

A

TRUE

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16
Q

True or False: Second generation rodenticides can cause a secondary toxicosis.

A

TRUE

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17
Q

What is the “new DDT” in wildlife?

A

Brodifacoum

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18
Q

What is the best sample for 2nd generation rodenticide poisoning?

A

Liver

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19
Q

Lead is what kind of toxicant in birds?

A

Neurotoxicant

20
Q

True or False: Lead kills millions of birds every year.

A

TRUE

21
Q

What is the half life of lead pellets?

A

200-300 years

22
Q

Which can bioaccumulate, lead or selenium?

A

Selenium

23
Q

What are the clinical effects of selenium toxicity?

A
  1. Embryotoxicity (mortality, teratogenesis, lack of development)
  2. Reduced growth
  3. Mortality
  4. Abnormal feather loss
24
Q

What would you see on histopathology associated with a selenium toxicity?

A

Liver lesions

25
Q

Which of the following bioaccumulates, selenium or mercury?

A

Selenium AND mercury

26
Q

What type of toxicant is mercury?

A

Neurotoxin

27
Q

True or False: Selenium is an immunosuppressive.

A

FALSE

28
Q

True or False: Mercury is an immunosuppressive.

A

TRUE

29
Q

True or False: Selenium is embryotoxic.

A

TRUE

30
Q

True or False: Mercury is embryotoxic.

A

TRUE

31
Q

True or False: Low levels of mercury are found in stranded marine mammals.

A

FALSE: high concentrations of mercury are found in stranded marine animals.

32
Q

What does PCB stand for?

A

Polychlorinated biphenyls

33
Q

What type of compound are PCBs?

A

Chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons

34
Q

Are PCBs liphphilic or lipophopic?

A

Lipophilic

35
Q

PCBs are _____, _____, and ______.

A
  1. Persistent
  2. Biocumulative
  3. Biomagnified
36
Q

PCBs cause depressed ______, decreased ______, and deleterious effects on ______ behavior.

A

PCBs cause depressed reproduction, decreased blood thyroxine, and deleterious effects on nesting behavior.

37
Q

What does PBDEs stand for?

A

Polybrominated diphenyl esters

38
Q

PBDEs in birds deleteriously affect _____ and are ______.

A

PBDEs in birds deleteriously affect REPRODUCTION and are IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE.

39
Q

There were toxicoses in what species wintering in southern states of the U.S. after ingesting peanuts containing aflatoxin?

A

Sandhill crane

40
Q

What is avian vacuolar myelopathy associated with?

A

Toxigenic cyanobacterium that grows on the exotic invasive Hydrilla

41
Q

Where is avian vacuolar myelopathy seen in the U.S.?

A
  1. Carolinas
  2. Florida

(South east)

42
Q

Which avian species are affected by avian vacuolar myelopathy?

A
  1. Coots
  2. Waterfowl
  3. Bald eagles
43
Q

How are bald eagles poisoned with toxigenic cyanobacterium from Hydrilla?

A

By eating coots and other waterfowl

44
Q

What is Diclofenac?

A

NASID

45
Q

What is Diclofenac’s target enzyme?

A

COX-2

46
Q

Which avian species is particularly sensitive to Diclofenac?

A

Vultures

47
Q

What is the result of Diclofenac’s effect on the body?

A

Acute renal failure

Toxicology (Spring 2017) (15 decks)

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