Recreational Drugs (redo) Flashcards
What is cocaine?
An alkaloid derivative from the coca plant
Does cocaine have a short or long half life?
Short half life
Is cocaine slowly or rapidly absorbed?
Rapidly absorbed
What is the MOA of cocaine?
Stabilizes axonal membranes by interfering with the activity of the gated sodium channels. This inhibits nerve conduction locally.
What are the clinical effects of cocaine?
- Cardiotoxicity
- CNS stimulation
- Dilated pupils
- Tachycardia
- Seizures
- Hyperactivity
- Depression & coma
Fill in the blanks: High doses of cocaine are associated with _____, hyperesthesia, tachycardia, ____, seizures, hyperthermia, _____, _____, and lactic acidosis.
Ptyalism
Pyrexia
Hypertension
Hypoglycemia
High doses of cocaine can lead to _____, coma, and death.
Respiratory depression
How would one treat a cocaine intoxication?
- Decontaminate
- Control cardiac arrythmias (propanolol)
- Control seizures
- Respiratory support
- Control hyperthermia
What samples would you take to diagnose a cocaine intoxication?
- Urine
- Plasma
- Stomach content
What are the opioid derivatives discussed in the lecture?
- Fentanyl
- Morphine
- Codeine
- Heroin
What are the clinical effects of narcotics on dogs?
- Hypotension
- Respiratory depression
- Drowsiness
- Ataxia
- Vomiting
- Seizures
- Miosis
What are the clinical effect of opioids and their derivatives in cats and horses?
CNS stimulation (excitatory effect on the CNS)
How might one treat a narcotic intoxication?
- Emetics, AC, cathartics
- Naloxone
- Artificial respiration
- Supportive care: fluids, control seizures
What samples would you use to diagnose a narcotic intoxication?
- Urine
2. Serum
Is ethanol absorbed rapidly or slowly?
Rapidly
What is the MOA of ethanol?
Acts as an anesthetic agent by reversibly blocking action potentials of neurons
What are the clinical effects of ethanol?
- Excitability, vocalizing, incontinence
- Emesis
- Ataxia, incoordination
- Respiratory depression
- Respiratory and cardiac arrest
- Death
How might one treat an ethanol intoxication?
- Decontamination: emetics, AC, cathartics
2. Supportive care: maintain ventilation, maintain body temp, monitor acid/base, electrolytes and fluids
What is xylitol?
5-carbon sugar alcohol
What are the sources of xylitol?
- Gum
- Mints
- Sweetener
What 2 systems does xylitol effect?
- Hepatic
2. GI
What would you see on serum chemistry associated with xylitol toxicity?
- Hypoglycemia
- Hyperphosphatemia
- Hyperbilirubinemia
- Increased liver enzymes
What are the clinical effects of amphetamine?
- Dilated pupils
- Tachycardia
- CNS stimulation
- Tremors, seizures, hyperactivity, hyperthermia
Is Amphetamine rapidly or slowly absorbed?
Rapidly