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Toxicology (Spring 2017) > Recreational Drugs (redo) > Flashcards

Recreational Drugs (redo) Flashcards

1
Q

What is cocaine?

A

An alkaloid derivative from the coca plant

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2
Q

Does cocaine have a short or long half life?

A

Short half life

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3
Q

Is cocaine slowly or rapidly absorbed?

A

Rapidly absorbed

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4
Q

What is the MOA of cocaine?

A

Stabilizes axonal membranes by interfering with the activity of the gated sodium channels. This inhibits nerve conduction locally.

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5
Q

What are the clinical effects of cocaine?

A
  1. Cardiotoxicity
  2. CNS stimulation
  3. Dilated pupils
  4. Tachycardia
  5. Seizures
  6. Hyperactivity
  7. Depression & coma
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6
Q

Fill in the blanks: High doses of cocaine are associated with _____, hyperesthesia, tachycardia, ____, seizures, hyperthermia, _____, _____, and lactic acidosis.

A

Ptyalism

Pyrexia

Hypertension

Hypoglycemia

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7
Q

High doses of cocaine can lead to _____, coma, and death.

A

Respiratory depression

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8
Q

How would one treat a cocaine intoxication?

A
  1. Decontaminate
  2. Control cardiac arrythmias (propanolol)
  3. Control seizures
  4. Respiratory support
  5. Control hyperthermia
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9
Q

What samples would you take to diagnose a cocaine intoxication?

A
  1. Urine
  2. Plasma
  3. Stomach content
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10
Q

What are the opioid derivatives discussed in the lecture?

A
  1. Fentanyl
  2. Morphine
  3. Codeine
  4. Heroin
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11
Q

What are the clinical effects of narcotics on dogs?

A
  1. Hypotension
  2. Respiratory depression
  3. Drowsiness
  4. Ataxia
  5. Vomiting
  6. Seizures
  7. Miosis
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12
Q

What are the clinical effect of opioids and their derivatives in cats and horses?

A

CNS stimulation (excitatory effect on the CNS)

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13
Q

How might one treat a narcotic intoxication?

A
  1. Emetics, AC, cathartics
  2. Naloxone
  3. Artificial respiration
  4. Supportive care: fluids, control seizures
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14
Q

What samples would you use to diagnose a narcotic intoxication?

A
  1. Urine

2. Serum

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15
Q

Is ethanol absorbed rapidly or slowly?

A

Rapidly

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16
Q

What is the MOA of ethanol?

A

Acts as an anesthetic agent by reversibly blocking action potentials of neurons

17
Q

What are the clinical effects of ethanol?

A
  1. Excitability, vocalizing, incontinence
  2. Emesis
  3. Ataxia, incoordination
  4. Respiratory depression
  5. Respiratory and cardiac arrest
  6. Death
18
Q

How might one treat an ethanol intoxication?

A
  1. Decontamination: emetics, AC, cathartics

2. Supportive care: maintain ventilation, maintain body temp, monitor acid/base, electrolytes and fluids

19
Q

What is xylitol?

A

5-carbon sugar alcohol

20
Q

What are the sources of xylitol?

A
  1. Gum
  2. Mints
  3. Sweetener
21
Q

What 2 systems does xylitol effect?

A
  1. Hepatic

2. GI

22
Q

What would you see on serum chemistry associated with xylitol toxicity?

A
  1. Hypoglycemia
  2. Hyperphosphatemia
  3. Hyperbilirubinemia
  4. Increased liver enzymes
23
Q

What are the clinical effects of amphetamine?

A
  1. Dilated pupils
  2. Tachycardia
  3. CNS stimulation
  4. Tremors, seizures, hyperactivity, hyperthermia
24
Q

Is Amphetamine rapidly or slowly absorbed?

A

Rapidly

25
Q

What is amphetamine?

A

Sympathomimetic

26
Q

How might one treat amphetamine intoxication?

A
  1. Decontaminate: emetics, AC, cathartics
  2. Modify urine pH: urine acidifiers
  3. Sedatives
  4. Chlorpromazine, droperiodol, or haloperidol
27
Q

Is marijuana a CNS depressant or CNS stimulant?

A

CNS depressant

28
Q

Because of a significant first pass effect after ingestion, marijuana is excreted in what?

A

Bile

29
Q

What is the most active and main psychogenic agent in marijuana?

A

Delta-9-THC

30
Q

Is marijuana lipophilic or lipophobic?

A

Lipophilic

31
Q

In what type of tissue does marijuana have a long half life?

A

Adipose tissue

32
Q

True or False: Plasma is a good sample for diagnosing marijuana intoxication.

A

FALSE: Marijuana has a short half-life in plasma.

33
Q

Marijuana acts on brain receptors selective for what?

A

Cannabinoids

34
Q

By acting on brain receptors selective for cannabinoids, marijuana encourages the release of what 3 substances?

A
  1. Serotonin
  2. Dopamine
  3. Norepinephrine
35
Q

What are the clinical effects of marijuana?

A
  1. Euphoria –> depression
  2. Dilated pupil
  3. Vomiting
  4. Ataxia
  5. Nystagmus
  6. Depression –> coma
36
Q

When would you see the onset of clinical signs associated with marijuana?

A

30 - 90 minutes post exposure

37
Q

How long do the clinical signs associated with marijuana last?

A

72 hours

38
Q

How might one treat a marijuana intoxication?

A
  1. Emetics, AC, cathartics
  2. Stimulate respiration (doxapram)
  3. Respiratory support
39
Q

What samples might you take to diagnose a marijuana intoxication?

A
  1. Urine

2. Stomach contents

Toxicology (Spring 2017) (15 decks)

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