Recreational Drugs Flashcards
What are the clinical effects of amphetamine?
- Dilated pupils
- CNS stimulation (tremors, seizures)
- Hyperthermia due to the tremors
- Tachycardia
How would one treat amphetamine toxicity?
- Emetics, AC, cathartics
- Urine acidifiers (ascorbic acid)
- Sedatives (diazepam) for seizures
Is mariguana a CNS stimulant or CNS depressant?
CNS depressant
How is marijuana excreted from the body?
Via bile
Marijuana is metabolized by liver _____ and _____.
Hydroxylation and oxidation
What is the most active cannabinoidal agent in marijuana?
Delta-9-THC
Is marijuana lipophilic or lipophobic?
Lipophilic
Marijuana has a long half-life in which part of the body?
Adipose tissue
True or False: Plasma is a good sample to take to diagnose marijuana intoxication.
FALSE: Marijuana has a short half-life in plasma
Marijuana acts on receptors in the brain selective for what?
Cannabinoids
The action of marijuana on brain receptors selective for cannabinoids causes the release of what?
- Norepinephrine
- Dopamine
- Serotonin
Marijuana also interacts with acetylcholine, _____, opioid peptides, and _____.
- Histamines
2. Prostaglandins
What are the clinical effects associated with marijuana?
- Euphoria –> depression
- Vomiting
- Dilated pupils
- Nystagmus
- Coma
With a marijuana ingestion, what extra clinical sign might horses present with?
Colic
What is the time of onset for clinical signs associated with marijuana?
30-90 minutes
What is the length of duration of clinical signs associated with marijuana?
Up to 72 hours
How might one treat a marijuana ingestion?
- Emetics, AC, cathartics
- Doxapram to stimulate respiration
- Respiratory support
What are the samples you might choose to use to diagnose marijuana intoxication?
- Urine
2. Stomach contents
What is an alkaloid derivative of the coca plant?
Cocaine
What does “crack-cocaine” refer to?
The pure form of the drug
Does cocaine have a long or short half life?
Short half life
Is cocaine rapidly or slowly absorbed?
Rapidly
Is cocaine a CNS stimulant or CNS depressant?
CNS stimulant
What are the clinical effects of cocaine?
- Cardiotoxicity
- Dilated pupils
- Tachycardia
- Depression/coma
- Seizures
What clinical signs are associated with HIGH DOSES of cocaine?
- Ptyalism
- Fever
- Seizures
- Hypoglycemia
- Hyperthermia
- Hypertension
- Hyperesthesia
- Tachycardia
How might one treat a cocaine intoxication?
- Emetics, AC, cathartics
- Control seizures (diazepam)
- Respiratory supoort
- Control arrhythmias (propanolol)
- Control hyperthermia
What 3 samples might you take to diagnose a cocaine intoxication?
- Urine
- Plasma
- Stomach content
What are the clinical effects of narcotics (opioid derivatives such as codeine, morphine, fentanyl, and heroine) in dogs?
- Ataxia
- Vomiting
- Hypotension
- Respiratory depression
- Seizures
- Miosis
- Coma
What are the clinical effects of narcotics (opioid derivatives such as codeine, morphine, fentanyl, and heroine) in cats and horses?
CNS excitation
How might one treat a narcotic intoxication, say in a dog?
- Emetics, AC, cathartics
- Respiratory support
- Naloxone
- Supportive care (fluid, seizure control)
In what samples might you detect narcotics for diagnosis?
- Urine
2. Serum
What are the clinical effects of ethanol?
- Emesis
- Respiratory depression
- Respiratory and cardiac arrest
- Ataxia/in-coordination
- Excitability/vocalization
How might one treat an ethanol intoxication?
- Emetics, AC, cathartics
- Maintain ventilation
- Monitor acid-base, electrolyte, fluid balance
- Maintain body temp
What are the clinical pathologic effects of xylitol?
- Hyperbilirubinemia
- Hypoglycemia
- Hyperphosphatemia
- Increased clotting times
What 2 systems does xylitol effect?
- Hepatic
2. GI
