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Pharm II > Vasodilators > Flashcards

Vasodilators Flashcards

1
Q

Which vasodilator is used for hypertensive emergencies

A

Sodium nitropusside

venous and arterial dilation

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2
Q

Sodium nitropusside can cause marked hypotension. What should you give with it

A

Give with Dobutamine

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3
Q

Which drugs are indicated in CHF secondary to mitral or aortic valve insufficiency

A

Hydralazine

Minoxidil

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4
Q

Which species is hyralazine commnly used in? Discuss admin/metabolism and excretion

A

Dogs

Admin: oral - rapid absorption

Metabolism: liver

Excretion: kidneys

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5
Q

Is hydralazine safe to use in uremic patients

A

No - high concentrations

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6
Q

Side effect hydralazine

A

Tachycardia

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7
Q

Sodium nitropusside causes the release of what, resulting in vasodilation

A

Nitrous oxide

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8
Q

What do phosphodiesterase V inhibitors do? Example?

A

Inhibit cGMP degradation

Sildenafil

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9
Q

Which a1 agonist provides vasodilation with minimal reflex tachycardia

A

Prazosin

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10
Q

Which vasodilator has a good combo with Digoxin

A

Prazosin - pos. inotrope effect (Digoxin) and peripheral vasodilaton

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11
Q

Which vasodilator gives marked relaxation of large veins

A

Nitroglycerine

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12
Q

Which vasodilator is given sublingual for angina *

A

Nitroglycerine

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13
Q

Describe topical use of nitroglycerine in dogs and horses

A

Topical ointment 2%

Dogs:

  • for cardiogenic pulmonary edema

Horses

  • for acute laminitis
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14
Q

Which vasodilator acts on skeletal muscle vessels

A

Isoxsuprine (b2 agonist)

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15
Q

Which vasodilator is indicated in laminitis and navicular disease (horses)

A

Isoxsuprine

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16
Q

Administration Isoxsuprine

A

Powder to feed/oral paste

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17
Q

Calcium channel blockers for vasodilation

A

Diltiazam

Amlodipine

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18
Q

Indications of Diltiazam

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in dogs and cats

19
Q

Indications of amlodipine

A

Hypertension in cats

20
Q

Which calcium channel blocker is commonly used in vet med and has few significant cardiac effects

A

Amlodipine

21
Q

What;s important about ACE inhibitor dosing

A

Theres a threshold limit which you cant exceed even with increased dose

22
Q

What effect do NSAIDs have on ACE inhibitors

A

Decrease their hypotensive effect

23
Q

MOA Ace Inhibitors

A
  1. Vasodilation (decreased Ang-2 and decrease Ang-2 receptors)
  2. Reduce sympathetic outflow of brain
  3. Potassium sparing effect
24
Q

Excretion ACE inhibitors

A

Kidney

*Caution with renal disease*

25
Q

Are ACE inhibitors safe for patients with renal disease

A

No - take caution

26
Q

ACE inhibitors (4)

A

‘Elan Likes Ben’s Cat’

1. Catopril

2. Lisinopril

Prodrugs

3. Enalpril

4. Benazepril

27
Q

Which ACE inhibitor comes from pit viper venom

A

Catopril

28
Q

T/F - its preferred to give Catopril with food

A

False - bioavailability decreases with food

29
Q

Which is most potent ACE inhibitor

A

Lisinopril

30
Q

Which ACE inhibitor’s bioavailability is not affected by food *

A

Benazepril

31
Q

Which ACE inhibitor is an alternative to Digoxin in mild CHF? What should you administer before

A

Enalpril

Give diuretics before

32
Q

T/F ACE inhibitors are safer in patients with ischemic heart disease

A

True

33
Q

Indications of ACE Inhibitors (2)

A
  1. Heart failure
  2. Hypertension
34
Q

T/F - ACE Inhibitors have potassium sparing effect. Explain

A

True - due to:

  • Decrease Na/K exchange in CD
  • Decrease secretion of aldosterone
35
Q

Angiotensin receptor blockers

A

Losartan

Irbesartan

36
Q

Indications for Losartan and Irbesartan

A

(Angiotensin receptor blockers)

  1. Hypertension
  2. Heart failure
    * Doesnt alter Bradykinin activity*
37
Q

MOA of Losartan and Iberartan

A

Block angiotensin receptor –> no vasoconstriction

38
Q

3 Objectives of treating Left Ventricular Failure

A
  1. Improve gas exchange —> give O2
  2. Enhance myocardial contractility –> give Dobutamine
  3. Reduce workload of LV –> give Furosemide
39
Q

What do you give patients to relieve dyspnea and anxiety with heart failure? How does it work

A

Morphine Sulphate

  • Hypotensive effect*
  • Decreases response of medullary resp center to increase pCO2*
40
Q

You have a dog with pulmonary edema from LV failure. What do you give as maintenance therapy after treating acute condition

A

Digoxin

41
Q

T/F - Epinephrine is beneficial in LV failure

A

FALSE – CONTRAINDICATED!

42
Q

Your patient is in left ventricular failure with pulmonary congestion. What can you give immediately to help? How does it work

A

Furosemide

Loop diuretic —> increases venous capitance –> decreased pulmonary congestion

43
Q

Which phosphodiesterase inhibitors are preffered for myocardial failures? Which for pulmonary hypertension?

A

Class III: myocaridal failures (aminophylline, inamrinome, pimobendan)

Class V: pulmonary hypertensuion (sildenafil)

Pharm II (16 decks)

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