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Pharm II > Cephalosporins > Flashcards

Cephalosporins Flashcards

1
Q

What is MOA of cephalosporins

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis

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2
Q

T/F - Cephalosporins are generally more resistant to B-lactamases than penicillins

A

True

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3
Q

Which 1st gen is opthalmic ointment for bacterial conjunctivitis in dogs/cats

A

Cafalonium

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4
Q

Which 1st gen is highly used for gram+/gram- infections in SA

A

Cefazolin (parenteral injectable)

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5
Q

Which 1st gen is used for intramammary infusion for mastitis

A

Cephapirin

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6
Q

If you use cephapirin, what preparation will you give for lactating animas

A

Sodium based cephapirin

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7
Q

If you use cephapirin in dry animals which prep will you use

A

Benzocaine based cephapirin (acts as depository)

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8
Q

Which two 1st gens are used for matistitis in cows

A

Cephapirin

Cefalonium

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9
Q

What is microbial suscebilitly of 1st gens

A

Gram + (best)

Gram - (cefazolin!)

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10
Q

Are 1st gens useful against pencillinase producing gram + organisms

A

Yes! Resistant to these enzymes

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11
Q

Which 1st gen is best for gram - bacterial infections

A

Cefazolin

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12
Q

Which 2nd gens have cephem nucleus in their structure? What does it allow them to treat?

A

FOT-FOX

Cefotetan
Cefoxitin

They are better at treating anerobic infections

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13
Q

Which 2nd gens are best at anerobic infections

A

Cefotetan

Cefoxitin

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14
Q

Which 2nd gen can cross BBB

A

Cefuroxime

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15
Q

Which 2nd gen is used for meningeal infections

A

Cefuroxime

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16
Q

Which 2nd gens are in the cephamycin group

A

Cefotetan

Cefoxitin

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17
Q

Which is better at treating gram - infectins: 1st or 2nd gen

A

2nd gen is better

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18
Q

T/F - 2nd gens can treat gram - that are resistant to 1st gens

A

True

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19
Q

T/F - 2nd gens are good at anerobic infections

A

True

20
Q

T/F - as generations progress, resistance against bacterial enzymes increases

A

True

21
Q

Which 3rd gen is used for meningeal infections in SA

A

Cefotaxime

Ceftazidime also crosses BBB

22
Q

Which 3rd gen is highly potent and treats resp, urinary tract, skin and soft tissue infections

A

Ceftiofur

23
Q

Which 3rd gen is used for pseudomonas in wild animals

A

Ceftazidime

24
Q

Which 3rd gen has a very long half life and used for pyoderma/skin infections/UTI

A

Cefovecin

25
Q

Which 3rd gen is a prodrug ester

A

Cefpodoxime Proxetil

26
Q

Which 3rd gen is extensively plasma protein bound

A

Cefovecin

27
Q

What are 3rd gens most effective against

A

Gram neg

28
Q

Which 3rd gen has broader gram + activity

A

Ceftiofur

29
Q

4th gens (2)

A

Cefepime

Cefquinome

30
Q

What is spectrum of 4th gens

A

Broad (gram + cocci, gram - bacilli, pseduomonas!)

31
Q

Which 4th gen will you use for resistant infections

A

Either! Cefepime or Cefquinome

32
Q

Which 3rd gen is metabolized to an active metabolite

A

Ceftiofur

33
Q

Which species are 4th gens used in

A

SA and horses

34
Q

Which cephalosporins have best oral bioavailability and are most extensively used

A

Cephalexin

Cefaclor

35
Q

Which cephalosporins cross BBB (5)

A

Cefuroxime (2nd)

3rd:
Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime
Ceftazidime
Ceftizoxime
36
Q

Distribution of cephalosporins

A 
Blood
Urine
Bile
Pleural fluid
Synovial fluid
Pericardial fluid
Bone!
37
Q

Metabolism of cephalosporins

A

Limited - liver

38
Q

Which two drugs are metabolized to active metabolites

A

Cefotaxime

Ceftiofur

39
Q

Excretion of cephalopsporins

A

Kidneys - glomerular filtration and PT secretion

40
Q

Which two cephalorsporins are excreted by bile

A

Ceftriaxone

Cefoperazone

41
Q

T/F cephalopsporins are safe

A

T - few side effects

42
Q

Side effects of cephalosporins

A

Rare

Local reactions at injection site
Hypersensitivity
GI signs 
Ceftiofur: anemia, thrombocytopenia 
Cephalothin - decreased platelet aggregation
43
Q

Side effects Ceftiofur

A

Anemia

Thrombocytomenia

44
Q

Side effects Cephalothin

A

Decreased platelet aggregation

45
Q

Efficacy predictor of cephalosporins

A

Type 2 antimicrobial

46
Q

Name one that produces active metabolite - why is this important

A

Ceftofur - enhances effect

Pharm II (16 decks)

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