Cephalosporins Flashcards
What is MOA of cephalosporins
Inhibit cell wall synthesis
T/F - Cephalosporins are generally more resistant to B-lactamases than penicillins
True
Which 1st gen is opthalmic ointment for bacterial conjunctivitis in dogs/cats
Cafalonium
Which 1st gen is highly used for gram+/gram- infections in SA
Cefazolin (parenteral injectable)
Which 1st gen is used for intramammary infusion for mastitis
Cephapirin
If you use cephapirin, what preparation will you give for lactating animas
Sodium based cephapirin
If you use cephapirin in dry animals which prep will you use
Benzocaine based cephapirin (acts as depository)
Which two 1st gens are used for matistitis in cows
Cephapirin
Cefalonium
What is microbial suscebilitly of 1st gens
Gram + (best)
Gram - (cefazolin!)
Are 1st gens useful against pencillinase producing gram + organisms
Yes! Resistant to these enzymes
Which 1st gen is best for gram - bacterial infections
Cefazolin
Which 2nd gens have cephem nucleus in their structure? What does it allow them to treat?
FOT-FOX
Cefotetan
Cefoxitin
They are better at treating anerobic infections
Which 2nd gens are best at anerobic infections
Cefotetan
Cefoxitin
Which 2nd gen can cross BBB
Cefuroxime
Which 2nd gen is used for meningeal infections
Cefuroxime
Which 2nd gens are in the cephamycin group
Cefotetan
Cefoxitin
Which is better at treating gram - infectins: 1st or 2nd gen
2nd gen is better
T/F - 2nd gens can treat gram - that are resistant to 1st gens
True
T/F - 2nd gens are good at anerobic infections
True
T/F - as generations progress, resistance against bacterial enzymes increases
True
Which 3rd gen is used for meningeal infections in SA
Cefotaxime
Ceftazidime also crosses BBB
Which 3rd gen is highly potent and treats resp, urinary tract, skin and soft tissue infections
Ceftiofur
Which 3rd gen is used for pseudomonas in wild animals
Ceftazidime
Which 3rd gen has a very long half life and used for pyoderma/skin infections/UTI
Cefovecin
Which 3rd gen is a prodrug ester
Cefpodoxime Proxetil
Which 3rd gen is extensively plasma protein bound
Cefovecin
What are 3rd gens most effective against
Gram neg
Which 3rd gen has broader gram + activity
Ceftiofur
4th gens (2)
Cefepime
Cefquinome
What is spectrum of 4th gens
Broad (gram + cocci, gram - bacilli, pseduomonas!)
Which 4th gen will you use for resistant infections
Either! Cefepime or Cefquinome
Which 3rd gen is metabolized to an active metabolite
Ceftiofur
Which species are 4th gens used in
SA and horses
Which cephalosporins have best oral bioavailability and are most extensively used
Cephalexin
Cefaclor
Which cephalosporins cross BBB (5)
Cefuroxime (2nd)
3rd: Ceftriaxone Cefotaxime Ceftazidime Ceftizoxime
Distribution of cephalosporins
Blood Urine Bile Pleural fluid Synovial fluid Pericardial fluid Bone!
Metabolism of cephalosporins
Limited - liver
Which two drugs are metabolized to active metabolites
Cefotaxime
Ceftiofur
Excretion of cephalopsporins
Kidneys - glomerular filtration and PT secretion
Which two cephalorsporins are excreted by bile
Ceftriaxone
Cefoperazone
T/F cephalopsporins are safe
T - few side effects
Side effects of cephalosporins
Rare
Local reactions at injection site Hypersensitivity GI signs Ceftiofur: anemia, thrombocytopenia Cephalothin - decreased platelet aggregation
Side effects Ceftiofur
Anemia
Thrombocytomenia
Side effects Cephalothin
Decreased platelet aggregation
Efficacy predictor of cephalosporins
Type 2 antimicrobial
Name one that produces active metabolite - why is this important
Ceftofur - enhances effect
