Fluoroquinolones

Question 1

Do Fluoroquinolones inhibit DNA or RNA

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

1st generation fluoros

Answer 2

NOC

Nalidixic acid
Oxolinic acid
Cinoxacin

Question 3

2nd gen fluoros

Answer 3

DED-MC

Danofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
Difloxacin

Marbofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin

Question 4

3rd gen fluoros

Answer 4

Orbifloxacin

Question 5

MOA of fluoroquinolones

Answer 5

Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase/Type II topoisomerase

Question 6

Which part of DNA gyrase do Fluoros inhibit? Why is this important

Answer 6

A-subunit

Encoded by gyrA gene - if this mutates, resistance will develop

Question 7

Which Fluoros are effective against Pseudomonoas

Answer 7

Ciprofloxacin
Marbofloxacin
(2nd gen)

Question 8

Are Fluoros effective against Gram +?

Answer 8

Yes - Staphylococci

Question 9

Are Fluoros effective against mycoplasma?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

Are fluoros effective against Rickettsia

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

Are fluoros broad spectrum

Answer 11

YES!
Gram - aerobes
Gram + aerobes

Anerobic intracellulars (mycoplasma, ureaplasma)

Rickettsia

Question 12

Which fluoros are effective for canine pyoderma and acute Ehrlichiosis in dogs

Answer 12

Enrofloxacin

Marbofloxacin

Question 13

Which Fluoros are especially effective for Rickettsia

Answer 13

Enrofloxacin

Marbofloxacin

Question 14

What Fluoros are good for Bartonella in cats

Answer 14

Enrofloxacin

Marbofloxacin

Question 15

Which fluoros are best for Mycoplasma and Mycobacteria

Answer 15

Enrofloxacin

Marbofloxacin

Question 16

Which Fluoro can treat MSA and resistant Enterococci? Which generation

Answer 16

Premafloxacin (new generation)

Question 17

Which Fluoro is used for ocular lesions, UTIs, and soft tissue infections in small animals? Which generation

Answer 17

Pradofloxacin (new generation)

Question 18

What are the new generation Fluoros (2)

Answer 18

Premafloxacin

Pradofloxacin

Question 19

T/F - Fluoros chelate with cations

Answer 19

True!

Question 20

What 2 factors affect Fluoro action

Answer 20

Cations at site of infection

Acidic pH

Question 21

T/F - Fluoro oral absorption is affected by food

Answer 21

FALSe

Question 22

Which species have good oral absorption of Fluoros? Which have poor?

Answer 22

Small animals, monogastrics: 100%

Ruminants: poor

Horses: variable

Question 23

Which Fluoros are used for poultry infections

Answer 23

Enrofloxacin

Sarafloxacin (active metabolite of Difloxacin)

Question 24

T/F - Parenteral absorption is poor

Answer 24

False

It is DELAYED but COMPLETE and has a longer half-life!

Question 25

T/F - Fluoros are widely distributed, including to CNS and eye

Answer 25

False

They ARE WIDELY DISTRIBUTED

but NOT to CNS and eye

Question 26

Which drug is preferred for bone and skin infections

Answer 26

Enrofloxacin

Question 27

Which drugs are preferred for prostate tissue

Answer 27

Enrofloxacin
Marbofloxacin
Orbifloxacin

Question 28

T/F - Fluoros are effective against intracellular pathogens **

Answer 28

TRUE! They accumulate in phagocytes

Question 29

T/F - Fluoros are excreted thorugh milk

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Do Fluoros produce active metabolites?

Answer 30

Some

Question 31

Which drugs produce active metabolites, and what are they

Answer 31

Difloxacin —> SARAfloxacin

Enrofloxacin —> CIPROfloxacin

Pefloxacin –> NORfloxacin

Question 32

Excretion of Fluoros (2)

Answer 32

Urine

Bile

Question 33

Which fluoro is excreted in feces

Answer 33

Difloxacin

Question 34

Adverse effects of Fluors in SA

Answer 34

Photosensitivity
CNS – seizures
Crystalluria

Question 35

What is a unique adverse effect of Fluoros

Answer 35

Arthropathy in young animals

Question 36

General adverse effects of Fluoros

Answer 36

1. GIT disturbances
2. Arthropathy (youngsters)
3. Joint arthropathy (due to chelation of Mg –> loss of proteoglycans)
4. Ocular toxicity/cataracts

Question 37

Efficacy predictor of Fluoros

Answer 37

Type 1 (concentration dependent)