Macrolides Flashcards
Are macrolides static or cidal
Static
List the macrolides
ACE-TTTT
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin
Tiamulin
Tilmicosin
Tulathromycin
Tylosin
MOA macrolides
Reversibly binds to 50s subunit
Inhibits of translocation of tRNA from aminoacid acceptor site
Interferes with addition of new peptide bond
Which macrolide is the ‘parent molecule’ from which others are synthesized
Erythromycin
Which Macrolide is used in cattle and swine for resp diseases
Tulathromycin (long half life - SC)
Do macrolides interfere with mammalian mitochondrial protein synthesis
No
At which pH do macrolides have increased action
pH 8
Are macrolides useful for abscesses, necrotic tissue or acidic urine
No - they function at basic pHs
Which class of drugs do macrolides have antagonistic effects with
Chloramphenicols - compete for binding site
Which drug is given with rifampin to treat Rhodoccus equi in foals (pneumonia)
Erythromycin
Which drug is given to treat C. jejuni in dogs and cats
Erythromycin
Which drug has expanded spectrum and is useful for mycoplasma
Tilmicosin
Which drug is used for respiratory pathogens, such Actinobacillus, in cows and pigs
Tilmicosin
Which drug is more potent against mycoplasma
Tylosin
Which drug is used for pink-eye
Tylosin
Which drug is used for swine dysentery
Tylosin
Which drug is used for pleuropneumonia
Tylosin
Which drug is used for colitis in dogs
Tylosin
Which drug is given as a feed additive
Tylosin
Which drugs have a long half life
Azithromycin
Tulathromycin
Which drug can treat Rhodoccus equi in foals
Clarithromycin
What is preferred route of admin for macrolides?
Oral (parenteral is irritating and painful)
Distribution of macrolides
Wide - high lipid solubility, high concentration in lungs
Which drugs have post-antibiotic effect
Azithromycin
Tulathromycin
(long half life)
Which macrolide has most metabolism? Where
Erythromycin - oxidation in liver
Excretion of erythromycin
Bile
Urine
Milk
Excretion of Azithromycin and Tylosin
Bile
Excretion of clarithromycin and tilmicosin
Bile
Urine
T/F macrolides are toxic
False
Adverse effects of erythromycin in dogs
Regurgitation/vomiting
Which macrolide is fatal to horses ***
Tylosin
Adverse effects of macrolides
Severe diarrhea (calves)
Self-limiting diarrhea foals
Severe diarrhea - adult horses
Cardiotoxicity
IV administration of tilmcosin has what effect
Negative inotropic
Efficacy predictor of macrolides? Any exceptions
Type II (time dependent killing)
Yes - tulathromycin and azithromycin are type III
Efficacy predictor of tulathromycin and azithromycin
Type III (time dependent killing with persistent effects)
