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Misc Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

Preferred route Bacitracin

A

Topical

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2
Q

What is bacitracin effective against

A

Gram +

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3
Q

Risk of parenteral admin of bacitracin

A

Nephrotoxicity!

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4
Q

MOA bacitracin

A

Cell wall synthesis (CIDAL)

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5
Q

Preps of bacitracin

A

ZINC bacitracin

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6
Q

T/F - Bacitracin can be used in food for poultry and pigs against Clostridium

A

True!

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7
Q

T/F - resistance against bacitracin is common

A

FALSE

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8
Q

Spectrum Novobiocin

A

BROAD

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9
Q

What is Novobiocin specialized at treating

A

Penicillin resistant Staph

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10
Q

MOA Novobiocin

A

Inhibitons formation of NAG in cell wall

Also iniibts DNA, RNA, protein, metabolism…

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11
Q

What can you combine Novobioicn with to treat kennel cough and tonsilitis?

A

Tetracyclines

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12
Q

What can you combine Novobiocin with to use as intrammammary infusion to treat Staph aureus mastitis

A

With Penicillin G

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13
Q

Adverse effects Novobiocin

A

Skin rash
Reduced blood cell count
GI signs

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14
Q

What does Thiostrepton treat

A

Gram +/Gram -

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15
Q

Admin for Thiostrepton

A

Topical treatment for derm infections

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16
Q

What can Thipstrepton be combined with

A

Neomycin
Corticosteroids
Nystatin

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17
Q

What are Nitrofurans good for

A

UTIs

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18
Q

Spectrum of Nitrofurans

A

Broad + Protozoans

esp gram neg

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19
Q

Administration Nitrofurans

A

Oral/topical

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20
Q

Adverse effect of nitrofuran

A

Neurotoxicity (if given systemic)

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21
Q

T/F Nitrofurans are banned in food animals

A

TRUE - carcinogenic

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22
Q

Virginiamycin is effective against

A

Gram +

Toxoplasma gondii

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23
Q

MOA Virginiamycin

A

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis (at 23s ribosomal subunit)

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24
Q

What is Virginiamycin used for in pigs and poultry?

A

Feed additive

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25
Q

Excretion of Virginiamycin

A

Bile

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26
Q

Admin of Virginiamycin

A

Oral

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27
Q

Carbadox is mainly used for which specices

28
Q

Indications Carbadox

A

Growth promoter (pig)

Swine dysentery

Bacterial enteritis

29
Q

Toxicity of Carbadox

A

Suppressed aldosterone! (dehydration, salt-licking, urine drinking, growth retardation)

30
Q

Spectrum of Vancomycin (unique)

A

COCCI!
(gram +/-, aerobic, anerobic)

Staph
Strep
Clostridium

31
Q

How is Vancomycin administered

32
Q

What is used for Vancomycin resisance

33
Q

Adverse effects Vancomycin

A

Nephrotoxicity

Histamine induced reactions

34
Q

T/F - Vancomycin banned in food animals

35
Q

What does Methenamine form in-vivo

A

Formeldehyde - urinary antiseptic

36
Q

What should Methenamine never be co-administered with

A

Sulphonamides – kidney damage

37
Q

T/F - Methanamine effective against urea splitting organisms (ie Proteus)

A

FALSE - less effective against Proteus

38
Q

Spectrum Polymixins

A

Narrow! - just gram negs

39
Q

Is Polymix effective against endotoxins

40
Q

Polymyxins

A

Polymixin B

Colistin (Polymixin E)

41
Q

Which drug is used for bowl sterilization? Why

A

Polymixins - not absorbed by gut

42
Q

Which route has wider distribution for Polymixins? Should you give this route?

A

Pareneteral

More side effects! Nephrotoxic, resp depression/apnea

43
Q

Which drugs do Polymixins have synergistic effects with

A

Sulphonamides (against Proteus)

Co-Trimoxazole

44
Q

What is Polymixin B used with to create an opthalmic solution

A

Trimethoprim

45
Q

What is Polymixin used with topically to treat Pseudomonas

A

Chlorhexidine

46
Q

What does Metronidazole target

A

Anerobes ONLY

47
Q

MOA Metronidazoles

A

DNA synthesis (CIDAL)

48
Q

What can metronidazole be mixed with to treat mixed gram neg aerobic and anaerobic infections

A

Aminoglycosides

Fluoroquinolones

49
Q

Is Metronidazole effective against Protozoa

A

Yes! Giardia, Trichomonas, Histomonas…

50
Q

Admin metronidazole

A

Oral - good with food

51
Q

T/F Metronidazole penetrates BBB to brain

52
Q

T/F - Metronidazole forms carcinogenic metabolite

A

True - active carcinogenic metabolite

53
Q

Metabolism metronidazole

A

Liver -cytochrome P450

54
Q

T/F metronidazoles banned in food animals

A

True ! Carcinogenic!

55
Q

Efficacy predicotr metronidazole

56
Q

Rifampin MOA

A

RNA synthesis

57
Q

Absorption Rifampin

A

Oral is very good in all species (may be delayed in ruminants)

58
Q

Distribution Rifampin

A

Far and wide!! Very lipid soluble

59
Q

Where is a special place Rifampin concentrates

A

Phagocytic cells! Good for intracellular pathogens

60
Q

Metabolism of Rifampin. Active metabolite?

A

Liver - deacetylation

Yes, active metabolite

61
Q

T/F Rifampin in potent inducer of Cytochrome p45-

62
Q

Excretion Rifampin

A

Bile, Urine

63
Q

Does Rifampin undergo enteropathic recycling

A

Yes! Increases half-life

64
Q

Adverse effects of rifampin

A

HEPATITIS***

Thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia

Anorexia, diarrhea

65
Q

T/F - Rifampin is safe for dogs with liver disease

A

FALSE! NEVER

66
Q

T/F Rifampin has little bacterial resistance

A

FALSE!! Resistance is rapid, should be given with other drugs to decrease resistance!

Pharm II (16 decks)

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