vasculature of the spinal cord Flashcards
spinal arteries arise from which part of the vertebral artery?
4th part
do you have 1 or 2 anterior spinal arteries?
1
do you have 1 or 2 posterior spinal arteries
2
where do the posterior spinal arteries run?
posterolateral sulci
where does the anterior spinal artery run?
anterior median fissure
How many longitudinal arteries arise from the 4th part of the vertebral artery?
3
where does the posterior spinal arteries arise from?
PICA or sometimes the vertebral artery
segmental arteries are branches of what arteries?
deep cervical, ascending cervical, posterior intercostal, lumbar and lateral sacral arteries.
What do the segmental arteries travel with in the IVF’s?
spinal nerves
what are the two main groups of the segmental arteries?
medullary and radicular
out of the medullary and radicular which arteries run deep along the roots?
radicular
radicular arteries supply what?
the ventral and dorsal roots of the spinal nerves
anterior segmental medullary arteries anastomose with what artery?
anterior spinal artery
the posterior segmental medullary arteries anastomose with what arteries?
posterior spinal arteries
what arteries run on top of the radicular arteries?
medullary
what does Adamkiewicz stand for?
the greater segmental medullary artery at the level of T9 on the left side of 65% of ppl.
what is the job of The great anterior segmental medullary artery of Adamkiewicz
reinforces the circulation to lower 2/3 of spinal cord (lumbar and sacral cord areas)
The great anterior segmental medullary artery of Adamkiewicz is also known as?
arteria radicularis magna ( and great radicular artery of Adamkiewicz).
how many spinal veins are located on the posterior and anterior portion of the spinal cord?
3 and 3 = 6 in total spinal veins
where do the 6 spinal veins drain into ?
the medullary and radicular veins and then in to the IVVP
what does the mnemonic R&R stand for
rootlets= radicular
Batson’s venous plexus is a network of____________ veins in the human body that connect the deep pelvic veins and thoracic veins to the_______ .
- valveless
2. internal vertebral venous plexuses
pathway of IVVP drainage?
Intervertabral veins –> segmental veins –> systemic circulation
the IVVP communicates inferiorly with what>
pelvic veins
the IVVP communicates superiorly with what?
dural sinuses
the IVVP communicates inferiorly with what in the thoracic and lumbar region ?
azygos vein and IVC (inferior vena cava)
where is a site that METS likes to go in espcially cancer of the lungs, breast, and prostate and CNS?
IVVP
ischemia of the spinal cord will result in what kind of symptoms?
anesthesia, muscular weakness and paralysis.
name the superior boundary of the IVF
inferior vertebral notch
name the inferior boundary of the IVF
superior vertebral notch
name the anterior boundary of the IVF
vertebral bodies and IVDs.
name the posterior boundary of the IVF
ligamentum flavum and Z joints.
what are the contents of the IVF’s?
Spinal nerve roots.
Dorsal root ganglia.
Radicular arteries, segmental medullary arteries and associated veins.
Which ligament is located between the lamina and tends to calcify as adults become Old.
Ligamentum flavum
what would cause the IVF to narrow?
oseophytes and hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum
how many rexed lamina are there?
10
which of the lamina contain sensory neurons GSA and GVA?
1-4
which of the lamina are located in all spinal cord levels?
1-5
what does lamina 1 hold?
marginal zone nuclei
lamina 2/substantia gelatinosa is for?
neurons that respond to pain sensation and temperatures sensations
what is released by the central process of nociceptors as a neurotransmitter?
substance P
why does the substantia gelatenosa start at C2 and not c1?
because C1 is purely motor
Lamina 3 and 4 contain what nuclei?
nucleus proprius aka proper sensory nucleus
recieve what kind of information?
receives afferent information regarding proprioception and vibration.
Lamina V: respond to
visceral afferent stimulation (GVA).
Lamina VI
Present only in
cervical & lumbar regions
Lamina VI Respond to
mechanical signals from joints and skin
Lamina VII Forms what zone?
the Intermediate Zone between dorsal & ventral horns.
Lamina VII contains which nuclei?
the intermediolateral nucleus, and the intermediomedial nucleus, and Clarke’s column (aka nucleus dorsalis).
Intermediolateral Nucleus (GVE) Contains cell bodies of?
preganglionic sympathetic neurons : Sympathetic Outflow
Intermediolateral Nucleus (GVE)n is located where on teh vertebral body?
the lateral horn
lateral horns are only present in which vertebra?
t1-L2
is the sacral region the Intermediolateral Nucleus (GVE)
contain cell bodies of?
preganglionic parasympathetic neurons: Sacral Parasympathetic Outflow
The Intermediomedial Nucleus
fiber are both?
GVE and GVA
Which lamina holds Clarke’s nucleus primarily?
7
Dorsal Nucleus of Clark (Clark’s Column= Nucleus Dorsalis)
Extent is
C8 - L3 spinal cord segments
Dorsal Nucleus of Clark (Clark’s Column= Nucleus Dorsalis) is an origin for which tract?
dorsal spinocerebellar tracts
Laminae VIII & IX
Located in which horn of the vertebral body?
ventral horn
which of the lamina receives information from interneurons/internuncial involved in motor reflexes?
Lamina 8
lamina 9is known as what
the main motor pool
what is held within the main motor pool?
LMN
the medial group of Lamina 9 supplies which region of muscles of the body?
axial musculature (neck and trunk) and procimal limbs
the lateral group of lamina 9 supplies which group of muscles of the body?
distal muscles of the limbs
the central group of lamina 9 supplies which muscle region?
Diaphragm (C3-5; phrenic nerve) and SCM and Trapezius Muscles (Spinal Accessory nerve)
when considering the organization of the lamination in the dorsal column what area is more medial, sacral or cervical?
sacral
when considering the organization of the lamination in the lateral corticospinal tract and
anterolateral system
what area is more medial, sacral or cervical?
cervical
Lamina X
Composed of
neurons that form the gray commissure around the central canal.
