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trisemester 3 TCC > LE gait analysis > Flashcards

LE gait analysis Flashcards

1
Q

definiton of gait

A

sequential movement of limbs

with bipedal biaphasic locomotion

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2
Q

stance phase is what kind of kinetic chain?

A

weight bearing aka closed kinetic chain

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3
Q

swing phase is what kind of kinetic chain?

A

non-weight bearing (open kinetic chain)

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4
Q

gait cycle is defined as?

A

sequential occurence of stance and swing phase for a single limb

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5
Q

phases of normal gait cycle: walking

A

stance and swing

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6
Q

stance phase is composed of which subphases

A

double and single support

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7
Q

percentage of stance phase

A

60%

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8
Q

% of single support

A

40

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9
Q

% of double support

A

10 for 2 cycles = 20%

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10
Q

swing phase % of gait cycle

A

40

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11
Q

phases of normal gait cycle while running

A

stance, float, swing

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12
Q

% of stance phase for running gait cycle

A

40

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13
Q

% for float phase during normal gait cycle for running

A

15 X 2 phases = 30

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14
Q

% of swing phase during normal gait cycle for running

A

30

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15
Q

there is NO _____ phase during running

A

double support

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16
Q

180 rule states what?

A

NO double support once hit 180 steps per minute

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17
Q

step lenth is the measurement between?

A

the heel of one foot to the heel of the other foot

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18
Q

step length what influences the step?

A

injuries to LE will altar the step length

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19
Q

step length determined by

A 
height
sex
shape of bony components
joint mobility
muscles length/strength
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20
Q

stride length

A

distance between the heel of one foot to the heel of the same foot.
represent one complete gait cycle for ONE leg

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21
Q

stride length consists of how many steps?

A

2

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22
Q

do women and men walk at the same velocity with a faster steps?

A

yes

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23
Q

step width

A

distance between the medial aspect of one foot ti the medial aspect of the opposite foot

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24
Q

when would the demand for increased width be present?

A

elderly
small children
neurological pathology

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25
Q

degree of toe out

A

angle of foot placement during the stance phase,

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26
Q

the angle of toe out for men should be

A

5-7 deg.

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27
Q

what is the deg. of toe out for women?

A

8-10 deg.

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28
Q

what can decrease the toe out angle

A

increased walking speed

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29
Q

what influences the deg. of toe out?

A

muscular tension and shape of bony components

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30
Q

determinants of gait

A

cadence
step duration
walking or running speed (velocity)

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31
Q

cadence:

A

measure in steps per minute time

32
Q

what may cause a decrease in the step duration?

A

weakness or pain on the affected side and increased duration on the unaffected side

33
Q

step duration

A

measures in seconds per step > how long it takes a person to complete complete a step

34
Q

velocity of walking or running computed by?

A

cadence (steps/min) X step length (in/step)

35
Q

A person with a 60-inch step walking with a cadence of 100 steps/min would have a walking velocity of

A

6000 in/min

36
Q

when running toe out is decreased to

A

less than 3 deg.

37
Q

open kinetic chain

A

occurs when the distal segment is unfixed and the proximal segment is fixed

38
Q

leg curls is considered what?

A

open kinetic chain

39
Q

swing phases is consideres what kine of kinetic chain?

A

open

40
Q

closed kinetic chain is defined as?

A

distal segment is fixed while the proximal is unfixed

41
Q

knee squats are known as OKC or CKC?

A

closed kinetic chain

42
Q

gait phases of double support time

A

initial contact & loading response

43
Q

gait phases of single support time

A

midstance & terminal stance

44
Q

hip kinematics in gait cycle when flexed

A

negative rotation about the x-axis in the yz plane

45
Q

hip kinematics in gait cycle when extended?

A

postive rotation about the x axis about the yz plane

46
Q

during heel strike what is the osteokinematics of gait during walking?

A

max hip flexion (neg.)

20-30 deg.

47
Q

during loading response what is the osteokinematics of gait during walking?

A

hip extending (pos.)

48
Q

during late mid-stance what is the osteokinematics of gait during walking?

A

max hip extension (10 deg.)

49
Q

during toe off through midswing what is the osteokinematics of gait during walking

A

hip flexing to bring leg through

50
Q

during terminal swing what is the osteokinematics of gait during walking?

A

maximum hip flexion (20-30 deg)

51
Q

knee kinematics in gait cycle during extension is?

A

negative rotation about the x-axis in the yz plane

52
Q

knee kinematics in gait cycle during flexion?

A

is positive rotation about the x axis in the yz plane

53
Q

initial contact is when the knee is in _____ _______?

A

maximum extention

54
Q

Loading response is when the knee is in slight ______?

A

flexion

55
Q

mid-swing is when the knee is in max ____?

A

flexion

56
Q

plantar flexion is ____ rotation along what axis?

A

positive (PP)

along the x axis in the yz plane

57
Q

dorsiflexion is _____ rotation along which axis?

A

negative rotation about the x axis in the yz plane

58
Q

max dorsiflexion occurs in?

A

Late mid stance

59
Q

subtalar jt. deg. of supination at heel strike?

A

2-3 deg.

60
Q

sub-talar jt. during early midstance

A

pronation at 3-4 deg.

61
Q

sub-talar jt. during middle mid-stance?

A

neutral position attained

62
Q

sub-talar jt. during Late mid stance -> toe off?

A

supinated at 2-3 deg. at heel off

63
Q

ground reaction force?

A

force along the z axis

verticle force measured at heel strike and throughout the stance phase

64
Q

ground shear forces?

A

along the x axis (M-L) and y axes (A-P)

represents the medial to lateral and anterior to medial stability

65
Q

which force is the highest in normal gait cycle?

A

impact force

66
Q

injured superior gluteal nerve will cause what?

A

trendelenburg sign:

stance leg is injured

67
Q

overpronation is when

A

the foot rolls more than 15 deg. inward and toe off occurs mostly over the big toe

68
Q

oversupination is when the foot

A

fails to roll inwards during initial loading response

69
Q

stappage gait occurs when which nerve is damaged?

A

common fibular nerve > paralysis of dorsiflexors and evertors

70
Q

steppage gate is clinically observed by?

A

no heel strike but instead there is toe strike

71
Q

foot slap is when there is damage to which nerve?

A

deep fibular nerve > paralysis of just dorsiflexors not the evertors which can slightly evert the foot

72
Q

which part of the gait cycle is affected when there is damage to the superior gluteal nerve?

A

single leg stance phase

73
Q

ground reaction forces are forces along

A

z axis. these are the highest forces

74
Q

which a-p and p-a forces are the ______ largest forces and are along the ____ axes?

A

second

y

75
Q

Describe the ankle osteokinematics during the normal walking gait

A

At initial contact, the ankle is in neutral. The ankle then plantar flexes slightly during the loading response. As the body weight shifts during midstance the ankle returns to neutral at mid midstance. As the other leg come forward to make ground contact during late midstance the ankle maximally dorsiflexes. The ankle then begins to plantar flex to propel the step and reaches maximum dorsiflexion at toe off. It returns to neutral as the swing phase begins.

76
Q

Which of the following muscles are responsible for negative rotation about the x-axis in the tibiofemoral joint?

A

rectus femoris

77
Q

max supination occurs at

A

toe off os opposite leg

trisemester 3 TCC (25 decks)

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