Neuro Lab 2 Flashcards
CN 1 is known as
Olfactory
Olfactory is responsible for
sense of smell
CN 2 is known as and is responsible for
optic nerve
* sense of sight
CN 3 is known as and is responsible for
oculomotor
- Motor: to 4 extra-ocular muscles
- parasympathetic to sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles
what four extra-ocular muscles are supplied by the CN III
superior, inferior, medial rectus, and the inferior oblique
CN IV is known as and is responsible for
trochlear is motor to superior oblique
V/trigeminal CN is responsible for
Sensory: to nasal and oral cavities
and Motor to the muscles of mastication
CN VI is known as the abducent nerve as does what?
motor to the lateral rectus muscle
VII/facial nerve is responsible for
Motor: muscles of facial expression
Parasympathetic: to lacrimal nasal, palatine, submandibular and sublingual glands
VIII/vestibulocochlear is responsible for?
balance and hearing, respectively
Fornix-
it is a major limbic system output tract of the hippocampus. It also is necessary for memory consolidation because damage to the fornix results in anterograde amnesia (inability to form new memories)
Putamen-
it is part of the basal nuclei/basal ganglia. The putamen is involved in learning and motor control, speech articulation, reward via goal-directed behaviors, and addiction (the putamen enlarges with addictive behaviors, i.e. cocaine addiction).
which part of the basal nuclei is involved in speech articulation and gets larger with addiction?
putamen
Which part of the basal nuclei is responsible for reward via goal-directed behaviors
putamen
Corona radiata- characteristics-
Fan like white fibers (myelinated axons) radiating above the internal capsule connecting to the cerebral cortex (outer gray matter of the brain).
Edinger-Westphal- aka
accessory oculomotor nucleus
accessory oculomotor nucleus is located where?
midbrain
accessory oculomotor nucleus action?
parasympathetic pre-ganglionics to the ciliary ganglion for the pupillary light reflex (to constrict the pupil) and accommodation responses of the lens (constriction of the ciliary body to make the lens rounder to see near objects).
accommodation responses of the lens (constriction of the ciliary body to make the lens rounder to see near objects). is performed by which part of the brain stem?
Edinger-westphal/oculomotor nucleus
Mesencephalic of V is responsible for
senses proprioception from the muscles of mastication in the jaw. It also functions to prevent biting down hard enough to lose a tooth.
which part of the brainstem is responsible for the prevent biting down hard enough to lose a tooth.?
Mesanphalic V
Chief sensory of V-
it receives tactile discrimination and pressure sensations from the face.
Superior salivatory nucleus-
via CN 7 supplies the submandibular, sublingual, lacrimal, nasal and palatine glands.
which Nucleus supplies the Lacrimal glands and palatine glands via CN VII?
Superior salvatory nucleus
which nucleus supplies the parotid gland and which CN does it hitch a ride on?
Inferior salivatory nucleus- via CN 9
Mammillary bodies have connection with which structures?
thalamus and hippocampus both have connections with the mammillary bodies.
mammillary bodies are necessary for
recollective memory formation (significant B-1/thiamine deficiency due to alcoholism results in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome which damages the mamillary bodies and the patient develops anterograde amnesia).
significant B-1/thiamine deficiency due to alcoholism results in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome which damages the mamillary bodies will manifest in the patient as?
the patient develops anterograde amnesia)
what is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
due to significant B-1/thiamine deficiency due to alcoholism and causes anterograde amnesia)
The corpus striatum is composed
caudate nucleus and lentiform nuclei, which are subcomponents of the basal ganglia.
The cerebral cortex sends sensory information on body position to the _____ _______.
caudate nucleus.
The basal ganglia facilitates desired motions while inhibiting what?
unwanted aberrant motions.
what part of the basal ganglia is involved in goal-directed behaviors (choosing to engage in actions that result in more desirable outcomes for you by using information from past experiences to influence future decisions).
caudate nucleus
Cerebral peduncle contain what kind of fibers
ascending sensory tracts and descending motor tracts.
Lateral geniculate body
LGB is part of the visual pathway leading to the occipital lobe.
what is responsible for connecting the LBG with the primary visual cortex
optic radiations
Medial geniculate body (MGB)- this is part of which pathway and this leads to which lobe of the brain?
the auditory pathway, ultimately leading to the temporal lobe.
Superior cerebellar peduncle-
passageways for axons between the cerebellum and midbrain.
Middle cerebellar peduncle-
passageway for axons between the cerebellum and the pons.
Inferior cerebellar peduncle-
passageway for axons between the cerebellum and medulla oblongata.
Cerebellum functions:
Maintaining balance: The cerebellum detects shifts in balance. It sends signals to the CNS to help the body adjust and move.
Coordinating movement: Body movements require the coordination of many muscles and the cerebellum helps with that by timing muscle actions to make movements smooth.
Vision: It helps to coordinate eye movements.
Motor learning: It helps the body to learn movements that require practice and fine-tuning. For example, learning how to hit a topspin tennis serve.
which part of the brain is responsible for detecting shifts in balance. It sends signals to the CNS to help the body adjust and move.
Cerebellum
which part of the brain helps with that by timing muscle actions to make movements smooth.
cerebellum
does the cerebellum help with Vision: It helps to coordinate eye movements.
T/F ?
True
which part of the brain is responsible for learning movements that require practice and fine-tuning. For example, learning how to hit a topspin tennis serve.
cerebellum
Anterior lobe of cerebellum-
is the portion of the cerebellum responsible for mediating unconscious proprioception.
Posterior cerebellum lobe-
plays an important role in fine motor coordination, specifically in the inhibition of involuntary movement via inhibitory neurotransmitters, especially GABA.
which part of the brain releases GABA
Posterior cerebellum lobe-
Flocculonodular lobe- has important connections to what and this helps in?
the vestibular nuclei and uses information about head movement to influence eye movement. It receives vestibular input
this portion of the cerebellum uses information about head movement to influence eye movement. It receives vestibular input?
Flocculonodular lobe
Arbor vitae-
The cerebellum white matter has a branched appearance like a tree.
Lingula-
a rostral portion of the vermis. The function is not entirely clear.
Tonsil-
the most caudal portion of the cerebellar hemispheres. The function is not entirely clear.
- the most caudal portion of the cerebellar hemispheres.
tonsil
most medal portion of cerebellum
vermis
Vermis-
is responsible for?
most medal portion of cerebellum. It is associated with regulation of balance and posture. It receives vestibular input and spinal cord input on actual motion (which is later compared to intended motion from the cerebral cortex). The major nucleus in the vermis is the fastigial nucleu
which part of the cerebellum is responsible for regulation of balance and posture?
vermis
what is the major nucleus of the vermis
fastigial nucleus
. Fastigial nucleus
it receives input from the vestibular nuclei and interprets body motion and modifies control of antigravity muscle groups
Two Globose nuclei- .
efferents from here help impact limb motions
Emboliform nucleus-
similarly efferents from here help impact limb motions.
Dentate nucleus-
It is responsible for the planning, initiation and control of voluntary movements
this nuclei of the cerebellar is responsible for planning, initiation and control of voluntary movements
dentate nucleus
nuclei/nucleus that helps impact limb motion?
globose nuclei
and emboliform
Paravermal region
- involved in skilled volitional movements and in adapting the body to changing circumstances.
pathway of received information for the paravermal region?
“actual” movement from spinal cord –> compared against “intended” movement at the cerebral cortex
Major nuclei involved involved in the paravermal region
interposed nucleus (Emboliform and Globose nuclei)
Lateral zone– Responsible for?
regulating entire motor activity.
Lateral zone– major nucleus
dentate nucleus.
Lateral zone lesions?
errors in the direction, force, speed, and amplitude of movements
Lateral zone receives a lot of input for intended motion from where?
Cerebral cortex
Primary fissure- separates the
anterior lobe from the posterior lobe.
Horizontal fissure- separates the
superior from inferior parts of the posterior lobe of cerebellum.
