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trisemester 3 TCC > Neuro test 1 pwp 3_blood flow > Flashcards

Neuro test 1 pwp 3_blood flow Flashcards

1
Q

brain needs __% of cardiac output

A

17%

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2
Q

cardiac output formula

A

heart rate X stroke volume

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3
Q

the 2 main sources of blood supply to the brain?

A

ICA and the vertebral artery

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4
Q

ICA is a branch of the

A

common carotid artery

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5
Q

ICA mostly supplies this structure of the brain?

A

supratentorial structures of the brain

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6
Q

ICA is divided __ parts

A

4

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7
Q

the four parts of the ICA

A

cervical
petrous
cavernous
cerebral aka supraclinoid, intracranial

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8
Q

cervical part of ICA runs with what other 2 structures in the carotid sheath

A

CN X and internal jugular vein

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9
Q

carotid sinus reflex syndrome

A

stimulation of carotid sinus triggers baroreceptors reflex and increased vagal tone affecting SA and AV nodes.

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10
Q

complication arising from carotid sinus massage include

A

cardiac arrhythmias and neurologic sequelae

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11
Q

petrous part of ICA enters the skull through which foramen

A

carotid canal of the petrous part of the temporal bone

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12
Q

which ICA portion supplies branches to the tympanic cavity (ossicle bones)

A

petrous part

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13
Q

Petrous part of

ICA crosses over which foramen when entering the middle cranial fossa

A

foramen lacerum

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14
Q

cavernous branch of ICA passes through

A

cavernous sinus on each side of the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

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15
Q

the cavernous sinus contains which CN’s and fibers?

A

CNs 3, 4 V1,V2 & 6

sympathetic fibers travel with the arteries

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16
Q

cavernous artery branches into 2

A

inferior hypophyseal and anterior meningeal

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17
Q

inferior hypophyseal supplies the

A

pituitary gland

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18
Q

anterior meningeal artery supplies the

A

meninges of the anterior cranial fossa

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19
Q

arterial supply of the dura?

A

anterior meningeal arteries and the middle meningeal artery

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20
Q

middle meningeal artery is a branch of?

A

the maxillary artery

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21
Q

what foramen does the middle meningeal artery enter through?

A

spinosum

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22
Q

what are the branches of the middle meningeal artery?

A

anterior and posterior

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23
Q

what does the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery cross over?

A

pterion to get to the vertex of the skull

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24
Q

the posterior MMA branch pass what direction to supply which portion of the skull?

A

posterosuperior direction to supply the middle cranial fossa

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25
cerebral part has 5 branches?
ophthalmic, anterior choroidal artery, posterior communicating, anterior cerebral, middle cerebral artery
26
what does the ophthalmic artery supply?
eye and the gives the superior hypophyseal artery to the pituitary
27
anterior choroidal artery anastomes with what other artery and where??
the posterior choroidal artery at the trigone of the lateral ventricle
28
anterior cerebral artery enters what structure??
the longitudinal fissure and runs along the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere
29
largest terminal branch of the cerebral part?
MCA
30
what does the MCA run along and what portion of the cerebral hemisphere does it supply?
runs along the lateral fissure and supplies the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere
31
what are the main two arteries that supply the supratentorial region?
ACA and MCA
32
two groups of the cerebral arteries
cortical arteries and the central arteries
33
What are the cortical arteries and what portion of the brain do they supply?
ACA, MCA, PCA | they supply the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres
34
central arteries supply what structure of the brain?
deep brain --> caudate nucleus, thalamus, hippocampus, deep basal ganglia etc.
35
subcomponents of the basal ganglia
caudate nucleus, lentiform nuclei
36
main function of the caudate nucleus?
goal directed behaviors
37
the main function of the basal ganglia?
facilitates desired motions while inhibiting unwanted motions
38
some other functions of the basal ganglia?
planning, organizing, and coordinating movements and posture. HElp keep movement controlled.
39
hippocampus is involved in
learning as well as storage and retrieval of short and long term memories
40
which ones anastomose; central arteries OR cortical arteries?
cortical arteries
41
ACA supplies blood to which portions of the brain?
medial and the frontal and parietal & 1 inch strip on the superior aspect of the lateral surface of the brain
42
which artery lies superior to the corpus callosum and courses along the medial surface of the hemisphere?
the ACA
43
where does the arterial supply of the ACA stop?
parieto-occipital sulcus
44
pt. has a stroke and the right ACA is damaged what is affected on their body?
left lower limb | motor and sensory loss
45
broadmans area 4 is what poriton of the brain?
the precentral gyrus
46
largest coritcal artery is the
MCA
47
what fissure does the MCA enter?
lateral/sylvian
48
MCA supplies almost all of what portion of the brain?
lateral surface.. except for the upper 1 inch
49
what are the branches that the MCA branches into?
temporal, frontal, and parietal and supplies most of the parenchymal of those lobes.
50
most common stroke syndrome?
MCA syndrome
51
Left MCA syndrome will cause?
aphasia, right face/arm, left gaze preference
52
Right MCA syndrome
Left hemispatial neglect, right gaze preference, left face/arm
53
right ACA synrome?
left leg numbness and weakness, motor negelct, ideomotor apraxia
54
Left ACA syndrome
right leg weakness and numbness, transcortical motor aphasia, ideomotor apraxia
55
what is ideomotor apraxia?
when they cannot pretend to use a hammer of something like that?
56
hemispatial neglect?
reduced visual awareness of stimuli on one side of the space
57
what connects the LGB with the primary visual cortex?
optic radiations
58
LGB stands for
lateral geniculate body
59
aphasia is when the pt. cannot?
use language
60
what makes up the corpora quadrigemina?
superior and inferior colliculus
61
what is not affected in a MCA stroke?
hearing
62
Posterior cerebral artery are two terminal branches of what?
basilar artery
63
what connects the PCA to the ICA?
posterior communicating arteries
64
what does the PCA wrap around?
crus cerebri/cerebral peduncles/basis pedunculi
65
PCA supplies what portions of the brain?
ventral & median surfaces of the temporal & occipital lobes & supplies the occipital pole
66
important branches of the PCA?
calcarine artery, branches to the thalamus and the posterior choroidal artery
67
what does is the significance of the calcarine artery?
it supplies visual area of occipital lobe
68
PCA syndrome after stroke can cause what due to its branches being the calcarine?
blindness
69
central arteries are small branches off of what structure?
circle of willis
70
internal capsule
projection fibres ( white matter) between the caudate nucleus and the thalamus medially and the lentiform nucleus laterally
71
main blood supply to the deep structures of the brain?
central arteries
72
most important central arteries?
1. thalamogeniculate 2. lenticulate striate 3. choroidal arteries
73
thalamogeniculate supplies what and is also a branch of the?
thalamus geniculate bodies and is a branch of the PCA
74
lenticulate striates/stroke arteries are a branch off of the
MCA
75
lenticulate striate supplies the?
basal ganglia and internal capsule
76
anterior choroidal arteries are a branch of?
ICA
77
anterior choroidal arteries supply what?
choroid plexus of the body of the lateral ventricles, globus pallidus, putamen and thalamus
78
posterior choroidal artery is a branch of
PCA
79
posterior choroidal artery supplies?
third ventricle and inferior horn of the LV
80
vertebral arteries are branches of what?
subclavian arteries
81
does the vertebral artery go over or under the posterior arch of the atlas?
over it
82
what foramen does the vertebral artery enter?
foramen magnum
83
vertebral artery goes through the transverse foramen of which cervical vertebra?
c1-c6
84
vertebrobasilar system
blood supply to the infratentorial brain and the spinal cord
85
where does the basillar artery travel?
in the pontin cistern
86
where does the basillar artery divide into PCA?
at the pons
87
branches of the vertebral artery?
posterior meningeal artery (2) | posterior spinal arteries (2)
88
posterior meningeal artery supplies
the dura of the posterior cranial fossa
89
the posterior spinal arteries supply
posterior aspect of the spinal cord
90
anterior spinal artery
a branch from each vertebral artery contributes to this artery and supplies the anterior aspect of the spinal cord
91
posterior inferior cerebellar artery supplies?
largest branches and supply the inferior surface of the cerebellum, inferior vermis, lateral part of the medulla & choroidal plexus of teh 4th ventricle
92
lateral hemisphere controls
motor planning for extremities
93
intermediate hemisphere control
distal limb coordination
94
vermis and flocculonodular lobe are responsible for
control of proximal limb and trunk coordination and balance as well as vestibuloocular reflex
95
cerebellum governs
balance and modulation of motor commands from the cerebral cortex
96
branches of the basilar artery
anterior inferior cerebellar, labyrinthine, | pontine, superior cerebellar, posterior cerebral arteries
97
posterior communicating arteries connect what systems?
infratentorial and supratentorial systems
98
what artery supplies the cerebellum and caudal pons?
AICA
99
what artery supplies the acoustic meatus?
labyrinthine
100
what artery supplies the cerebellum, rostral pons and caudal portion of the thalamus?
superior cerebellar artery
101
what does the posterior cerebral arteries supple?
thalamus, visual cortex and rostral midbrain
102
circle of willis is described as?
an arterial anastamosis between branches of internal carotid and vertebrobasilar system that surrounds the optic chiasma in the interpenduncular fossa on the inferior surface on the brain
103
circle of willlis is only complete in what % of humans?
25%
104
bleeding of the circle of willis results in
subarachnoid hemorrhage

trisemester 3 TCC (25 decks)

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