Neuro test 1 pwp 3_blood flow Flashcards
brain needs __% of cardiac output
17%
cardiac output formula
heart rate X stroke volume
the 2 main sources of blood supply to the brain?
ICA and the vertebral artery
ICA is a branch of the
common carotid artery
ICA mostly supplies this structure of the brain?
supratentorial structures of the brain
ICA is divided __ parts
4
the four parts of the ICA
cervical
petrous
cavernous
cerebral aka supraclinoid, intracranial
cervical part of ICA runs with what other 2 structures in the carotid sheath
CN X and internal jugular vein
carotid sinus reflex syndrome
stimulation of carotid sinus triggers baroreceptors reflex and increased vagal tone affecting SA and AV nodes.
complication arising from carotid sinus massage include
cardiac arrhythmias and neurologic sequelae
petrous part of ICA enters the skull through which foramen
carotid canal of the petrous part of the temporal bone
which ICA portion supplies branches to the tympanic cavity (ossicle bones)
petrous part
Petrous part of
ICA crosses over which foramen when entering the middle cranial fossa
foramen lacerum
cavernous branch of ICA passes through
cavernous sinus on each side of the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
the cavernous sinus contains which CN’s and fibers?
CNs 3, 4 V1,V2 & 6
sympathetic fibers travel with the arteries
cavernous artery branches into 2
inferior hypophyseal and anterior meningeal
inferior hypophyseal supplies the
pituitary gland
anterior meningeal artery supplies the
meninges of the anterior cranial fossa
arterial supply of the dura?
anterior meningeal arteries and the middle meningeal artery
middle meningeal artery is a branch of?
the maxillary artery
what foramen does the middle meningeal artery enter through?
spinosum
what are the branches of the middle meningeal artery?
anterior and posterior
what does the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery cross over?
pterion to get to the vertex of the skull
the posterior MMA branch pass what direction to supply which portion of the skull?
posterosuperior direction to supply the middle cranial fossa
cerebral part has 5 branches?
ophthalmic, anterior choroidal artery, posterior communicating, anterior cerebral, middle cerebral artery
what does the ophthalmic artery supply?
eye and the gives the superior hypophyseal artery to the pituitary
anterior choroidal artery anastomes with what other artery and where??
the posterior choroidal artery at the trigone of the lateral ventricle
anterior cerebral artery enters what structure??
the longitudinal fissure and runs along the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere
largest terminal branch of the cerebral part?
MCA
what does the MCA run along and what portion of the cerebral hemisphere does it supply?
runs along the lateral fissure and supplies the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere
what are the main two arteries that supply the supratentorial region?
ACA and MCA
two groups of the cerebral arteries
cortical arteries and the central arteries
What are the cortical arteries and what portion of the brain do they supply?
ACA, MCA, PCA
they supply the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres
central arteries supply what structure of the brain?
deep brain –> caudate nucleus, thalamus, hippocampus, deep basal ganglia etc.
subcomponents of the basal ganglia
caudate nucleus, lentiform nuclei
main function of the caudate nucleus?
goal directed behaviors
the main function of the basal ganglia?
facilitates desired motions while inhibiting unwanted motions
some other functions of the basal ganglia?
planning, organizing, and coordinating movements and posture.
HElp keep movement controlled.
hippocampus is involved in
learning as well as storage and retrieval of short and long term memories
which ones anastomose; central arteries OR cortical arteries?
cortical arteries
ACA supplies blood to which portions of the brain?
medial and the frontal and parietal & 1 inch strip on the superior aspect of the lateral surface of the brain
which artery lies superior to the corpus callosum and courses along the medial surface of the hemisphere?
the ACA
where does the arterial supply of the ACA stop?
parieto-occipital sulcus
pt. has a stroke and the right ACA is damaged what is affected on their body?
left lower limb
motor and sensory loss
broadmans area 4 is what poriton of the brain?
the precentral gyrus
largest coritcal artery is the
MCA
what fissure does the MCA enter?
lateral/sylvian
MCA supplies almost all of what portion of the brain?
lateral surface.. except for the upper 1 inch
what are the branches that the MCA branches into?
temporal, frontal, and parietal and supplies most of the parenchymal of those lobes.
most common stroke syndrome?
MCA syndrome
Left MCA syndrome will cause?
aphasia, right face/arm, left gaze preference
Right MCA syndrome
Left hemispatial neglect, right gaze preference, left face/arm
right ACA synrome?
left leg numbness and weakness, motor negelct, ideomotor apraxia
Left ACA syndrome
right leg weakness and numbness, transcortical motor aphasia, ideomotor apraxia
what is ideomotor apraxia?
when they cannot pretend to use a hammer of something like that?
hemispatial neglect?
reduced visual awareness of stimuli on one side of the space
what connects the LGB with the primary visual cortex?
optic radiations
LGB stands for
lateral geniculate body
aphasia is when the pt. cannot?
use language
what makes up the corpora quadrigemina?
superior and inferior colliculus
what is not affected in a MCA stroke?
hearing
Posterior cerebral artery are two terminal branches of what?
basilar artery
what connects the PCA to the ICA?
posterior communicating arteries
what does the PCA wrap around?
crus cerebri/cerebral peduncles/basis pedunculi
PCA supplies what portions of the brain?
ventral & median surfaces of the temporal & occipital lobes
&
supplies the occipital pole
important branches of the PCA?
calcarine artery, branches to the thalamus and the posterior choroidal artery
what does is the significance of the calcarine artery?
it supplies visual area of occipital lobe
PCA syndrome after stroke can cause what due to its branches being the calcarine?
blindness
central arteries are small branches off of what structure?
circle of willis
internal capsule
projection fibres ( white matter) between the caudate nucleus and the thalamus medially and the lentiform nucleus laterally
main blood supply to the deep structures of the brain?
central arteries
most important central arteries?
- thalamogeniculate
- lenticulate striate
- choroidal arteries
thalamogeniculate supplies what and is also a branch of the?
thalamus geniculate bodies and is a branch of the PCA
lenticulate striates/stroke arteries are a branch off of the
MCA
lenticulate striate supplies the?
basal ganglia and internal capsule
anterior choroidal arteries are a branch of?
ICA
anterior choroidal arteries supply what?
choroid plexus of the body of the lateral ventricles, globus pallidus, putamen and thalamus
posterior choroidal artery is a branch of
PCA
posterior choroidal artery supplies?
third ventricle and inferior horn of the LV
vertebral arteries are branches of what?
subclavian arteries
does the vertebral artery go over or under the posterior arch of the atlas?
over it
what foramen does the vertebral artery enter?
foramen magnum
vertebral artery goes through the transverse foramen of which cervical vertebra?
c1-c6
vertebrobasilar system
blood supply to the infratentorial brain and the spinal cord
where does the basillar artery travel?
in the pontin cistern
where does the basillar artery divide into PCA?
at the pons
branches of the vertebral artery?
posterior meningeal artery (2)
posterior spinal arteries (2)
posterior meningeal artery supplies
the dura of the posterior cranial fossa
the posterior spinal arteries supply
posterior aspect of the spinal cord
anterior spinal artery
a branch from each vertebral artery contributes to this artery and supplies the anterior aspect of the spinal cord
posterior inferior cerebellar artery supplies?
largest branches and supply the inferior surface of the cerebellum, inferior vermis, lateral part of the medulla & choroidal plexus of teh 4th ventricle
lateral hemisphere controls
motor planning for extremities
intermediate hemisphere control
distal limb coordination
vermis and flocculonodular lobe are responsible for
control of proximal limb and trunk coordination and balance as well as vestibuloocular reflex
cerebellum governs
balance and modulation of motor commands from the cerebral cortex
branches of the basilar artery
anterior inferior cerebellar, labyrinthine,
pontine, superior cerebellar, posterior cerebral arteries
posterior communicating arteries connect what systems?
infratentorial and supratentorial systems
what artery supplies the cerebellum and caudal pons?
AICA
what artery supplies the acoustic meatus?
labyrinthine
what artery supplies the cerebellum, rostral pons and caudal portion of the thalamus?
superior cerebellar artery
what does the posterior cerebral arteries supple?
thalamus, visual cortex and rostral midbrain
circle of willis is described as?
an arterial anastamosis between branches of internal carotid and vertebrobasilar system that surrounds the optic chiasma in the interpenduncular fossa on the inferior surface on the brain
circle of willlis is only complete in what % of humans?
25%
bleeding of the circle of willis results in
subarachnoid hemorrhage
