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trisemester 3 TCC > Neuro Tracts motor and sensory > Flashcards

Neuro Tracts motor and sensory Flashcards

1
Q

spinothalmic tracts recognize

A

crude touch, pain, and temperature

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2
Q

spinothalamic is apart of what pathway?

A

anterolateral

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3
Q

somatosensation

A

the perception of pain (nociception), temperature, fine touch, vibration, joint position (proprioception), stereognosis (ability to recognize objects by only touch), and two-point tactile-discrimination.

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4
Q

Dorsal-column medial lemniscal pathway- carries

A

carries proprioception, vibration, fine touch, pressure, and two-point discrimination upwards. It uses fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus.

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5
Q

lateral spinothalamic tract carries?

A

pain and temperature sensations from cervical on down

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6
Q

ventral spinothalamic tract carries what information to the vpl?

A

light/crude touch and pressure sensation from the cervical spine on down

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7
Q

For sensory pathway

first order neurons are located in the ___ and are ______-_______ neurons

A

DRG and are pseudo-unipolar

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8
Q

2nd order for sensation is located in

A

dorsal horn of spinal cord or medulla of the same side

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9
Q

what kind of neuron is the 3rd order neuron?

A

multipolar

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10
Q

where is the 3rd order neuron located for a conscious sensory pathway?

A

thalamus on the opposite side of 1st order neuron

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11
Q

what lobe does the ascending sensory tract end at?

A

parietal lobe

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12
Q

7 tracts that DO NOT reach the cerebral cortex

A
  1. Dorsal spinocerebellar tract
  2. Ventral spinocerebellar tract
  3. Cuneocerebellar tract
  4. Rostral spinocerebellar tract
  5. Spino-olivary tract
  6. Spinotectal tract
  7. Spinoreticular tract
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13
Q

spinoreticular tract involved in what?

A

greater alertness

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14
Q

spinotectal tract is responsible for

A

visual reflex when you hear something you turn your head

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15
Q

spino-olivary tract is for

A

cerebellar learning

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16
Q

peduncles act as

A

hallways to get into the cerebellum

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17
Q

for sensation to be felt the ascending tract must reach what portion of the brain?

A

somatosensory area

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18
Q

broadman’s area associated with ascending tracts to cerebral cortex?

A

312

and/or thalamus

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19
Q

sensation will reach the opposite side of the thalamus or cerebral cortex due too?

A

decussation

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20
Q

conscious touch sensation goes primarily to which part of the brain?

A

parietal lobe

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21
Q

RAS stands for

A

reticular activating system

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22
Q

why does the second order neuron of DCML have synapses that go to RAS?

A

to let body know if they need to be alert by exciting the person

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23
Q

the third order neuron of the DCML is in what portion of the thalamus?

A

ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus

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24
Q

4th order neuron is located in the somatosensory cortex to tell brain what?

A

where body is in space

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25
Q

how does the size of first order neurons of DCML differ from spinothalamic?

A

the cell bodies for pain and temperature are smaller and the ones for propoioception, vibration, light pressure, and fine touch are larger

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26
Q

sensations within tracts ascending to cerebral cortex have how many neurons?

A

3

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27
Q

a pseudounipolar consists of?

A

receptors, peripheral process, central process, cell body, short single process

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28
Q

No sensation can reach the cerebral cortex without synapsing with what brain structure?

A

thalamus

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29
Q

nociceptors associated with the spinothalamic tract are characterized as

A

free/naked nerve endings

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30
Q

1st order neurons can enter spinal cord from the DRG through 2 different types of fibers located in the lateral division?

A

delta-A
&
C fibers

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31
Q

delta A fibers do what?

A

alert the person of initial sharp pain

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32
Q

C fibers are responsible for what?

A

prolonged burning and aching pain and these are slow conducting fibers

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33
Q

lissauers tracts/posterolateral tract of lissauer?

A

formed in lateral spinothalamic tract the 1st order neuron may travel ascend or descend 1-2 spinal cord segments before entering the grey matter

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34
Q

the fibers of 1st order neurons synapse where?

A

lamina I, II, and V on the second order neuron

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35
Q

lamina II is also called?

A

substantia gelatinosa

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36
Q

what is substance P

A

a neurotransmitter released between the 1st order neuron onto the dendrites of the second order neuron at their synapses

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37
Q

where do second order neurons for the lateral spinothalamic tract decussate?

A

anterior white commissure

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38
Q

where do second order neurons for the lateral spinothalamic tract ascend?

A

along the opposite lateral white column

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39
Q

what 3 tracts are joined together to form spinal lemniscus?

A
  1. lateral spinothalmic
  2. ventral spinothalmic
  3. spinotectal tract

To form the spinal lemniscus

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40
Q

if you cut right half of C3 what portion of the body would you lose pain?

A

left

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41
Q

if you cut the right half of the midbrain you would lose pain on which side of the brain?

A

left

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42
Q

FOR DCML:

If L pons is cut what side of the body will be affected?

A

right

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43
Q

FOR DCML:

If left portion of C2 is cut what portion of the body will be affected?

A

left 1/2 of body

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44
Q

FOR DCML:

if L portion of T10 is cut what would happend?

A

Left leg would be affected

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45
Q

FOR DCML:

If L cerebellar is cut what would happen to the body?

A

DCML tract would be fine due to no involvement with the cerebellar

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46
Q

the only descending motor tracts that originate from the cerebral cortex are called?

A

pyramidal

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47
Q

which descending motor pathway originates from the subcortical region?

A

extrapyramidal

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48
Q

which side of the body does the pyramidal tract control?

A

contralateral

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49
Q

what is the job of the pyramidal tract?

A

skilled fine movement of the distal limbs

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50
Q

which tract is most responsible for dexterous movements?

A

pyramidal

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51
Q

what are the broadman areas for pyramidal tract?

A

4, 6, 3,2,1,

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52
Q

braodman area 6 represents

A

premotor area

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53
Q

broadman area 4 represent which part of the brain?

A

primary motor cortex

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54
Q

Broadman areas 3,1,2 represent what?

A

primary sensory cortex

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55
Q

Pyramidal tract passes through which limb of the internal capsule

A

posterior limb of the internal capsule

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56
Q

cerebral peduncles translates to?

A

feet of the brain

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57
Q

rubrospinal tracts control and inhibit which muscles?

A

flexors are controlled while the extensors are inhibited

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58
Q

what % of fibers cross to make up the lateral corticospinal tract

A

90

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59
Q

which of the corticospinal tract, either ventral or lateral do not cross At medulla but crosses at the anterior body of the vertebra?

A

ventral/anterior

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60
Q

the lateral corticospinal tract descends the whole length of spinal cord

T/F?

A

true

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61
Q

most corticospinal tract fibers synapse on what lamina?

A

VIII

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62
Q

Name of two neurons That AHC’s can be?

A

large alpha motor or small gamma motor neurons

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63
Q

what do alpha motor neurons innervate?

A

extrafusal muscle

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64
Q

what do small gamma motor neurons innervate?

A

intrafusal muscles

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65
Q

what lamina are alpha and gamma motor neurons located?

A

in laminae IX

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66
Q

For the lateral corticospinal tract where does the decussation occur?

A

medulla oblongata

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67
Q

where does the ant. cortico spinal tract decussate?

A

anterior spinal cord

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68
Q

arterial supply to the pyramidal tract motor cortex arm, face and leg area??

A

leg area = ACA

Arm and face is MCA

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69
Q

interncal capsule Blood supply?

A

MCA

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70
Q

Crus cerebri blood supply?

A

PCA

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71
Q

Pons blood supply?

A

Basilar Artery

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72
Q

Medulla blood supply?

A

vertebral artery

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73
Q

Red nucleus is the origin of what tract?

A

rubrospinal tract

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74
Q

what makes the red nucleus red?

A

iron

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75
Q

copy of motor orders in the pyramidal tract is sent to which 5 other structures?

A

basal ganglia, red nucleus, reticular formation nuclei, inferior olivary nucleus of the medulla, pontine nuclei

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76
Q

Corticopontocerebellar pathway function

A

cerebellum comes under functional control of the cerebral cortex for coordination of movements

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77
Q

neurons of the Corticopontocerebellar pathway

A

first neuron is in the frontal lobe and goes to the pons that the second order neuron goes from the pons to the cerebellum

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78
Q

the axons of the fronto-pontine part (N1) of the CORTICO-PONTO-CEREBELLAR Travel through what PATHWAY?

A

anterior limb of internal capsule –> crus cerebri

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79
Q

Axons forming the temporo-parieto-occipital fibers of the CORTICO-PONTO-CEREBELLAR PATHWAY descend in which limb of the internal capsule ?

A

posterior limb

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80
Q

temporo-parieto-occipital fibers descend in which other structure of the brain?

A

crus cerbri

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81
Q

firs order neuron of the CORTICO-PONTO-CEREBELLAR PATHWAY can originate from where?

A

cerebral cortex (frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital).

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82
Q

2nd order neurons of the CORTICO-PONTO-CEREBELLAR PATHWAY can originate from where

A

Are the cells of pontine nuclei,

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83
Q

2nd order neurons of the CORTICO-PONTO-CEREBELLAR PATHWAY neuron’s axons cross what structures to form what?

A

their axons cross the midline (known as transverse pontine fibers) and form the middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP)

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84
Q

the first order neurons of the CORTICO-PONTO-CEREBELLAR PATHWAY synapse where?

A

pontine nuclei

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85
Q

the N2 of the CORTICO-PONTO-CEREBELLAR PATHWAY are located in whtat?

A

pontine nuclei

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86
Q

what does the fibers of the N2 of the CORTICO-PONTO-CEREBELLAR PATHWAY synapse onto?

A

Contralateral cerebellar cortex

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87
Q

which of the following make up the MCP?

  1. axons of the second order neurons of the CORTICO-PONTO-CEREBELLAR PATHWAY
  2. axons of the first order neurons of the CORTICO-PONTO-CEREBELLAR PATHWAY
A

1.

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88
Q

Tectospinal tract originates from where?

A

superior colliculus of the midbrain

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89
Q

where does the tectospinal tract decussate?

A

crosses the midline in the dorsal tegmental decussation (contralateral tract)

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90
Q

is the tectospinal tract a(n) extrapyramidal tract or pyramidal?

A

extrapyramidal

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91
Q

what fasciculus is the tectospinal tract apart of in the brainstem?

A

MLF

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92
Q

what is the tectospinal tract associated with?

A

reflex postural movements in response to visual stimuli

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93
Q

spinotectal tract travels up with the lateral and ventral spinothalamic tracts within what structure to activate what tract?

A

travel within the spinal lemniscus and activates the tectospinal tract

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94
Q

what 3 tract ascend in the spinal lemniscus?

A

Anterior spinothalamic, lateral spinothalamic, and spinotectal

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95
Q

Rubrospinal tract crossed where?

A

ventral tegmental decussation of midbrain

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96
Q

where does the rubrospinal tract descend?

A

brainstem and spinal cord (lateral white column) close to the lateral corticospinal tract

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97
Q

Rubrospinal tract:

It receives information from?

A

cerebral cortex and cerebellum through SCP

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98
Q

Vestibulospinal tract:

Originates from?

A

lateral vestibular nuclei

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99
Q

Vestibulospinal tract receives afferents from where?

A

vestibular nerve and cerebellum

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100
Q

Vestibulospinal tract

descends _________ in the spinal cord in the ventral white column.

101
Q

Vestibulospinal tract:

It facilitates the activity of what and inhibits what??

A

extensor muscles are facilitated while the flexors are inhibited (opposite of rubro-spinal tract)

102
Q

Vestibulospinal tract antagonizes what structures?

A

rubrospinal tract

103
Q

Tracts that control flexors (Rubrospinal) get information from the _________ , while tracts that control extensors (Vestibulospinal) are controlled by the ________.

A
  1. cerebral cortex

2. cerebellum.

104
Q

Reticulospinal tracts has what two tracts within it?

A

the pontine/medial and the medullary/lateral

105
Q

which of the Reticulospinal tracts are a part of the MLF

A

pontine/medial

106
Q

the function of the Pontine (medial) reticulospinal tract:

A

helps the body maintain balance while you extend your leg

107
Q

is the medial reticulospinal tract ipsilateral or contralteral?

A

ipsilateral

108
Q

is the medullary reticulospinal tract ipsilateral or contralteral?

109
Q

medullary reticulospinal function?

A

Facilitates flexor muscle tone. Inhibits axial extensor muscles.

110
Q

The Reticulospinal tracts influence voluntary motor but also are thought to control what else?

A

reflex/autonomic fibers

111
Q

reticular formation is responsible for what?

A

maintaining arousal, alertness, and sleep, heart rate, and vomiting

112
Q

where do descending autonomic fibers descend mainly?

A

hypothalamus and the reticular formation

113
Q

what do the reticulospinal tracts descend with?

A

autonomic fibers

114
Q

descending autonomic fibers for sympathetic and parasympathetic end on what structures of the spinal cords?

A

sympathetic end on lateral horns of T1-L2 and the parasympathetic end on the lateral gray matter of S2-S4

115
Q

any ________ or ______ injury, would affect autonomic nervous system functions

A
  1. brainstem

2. spinal cord

116
Q

Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus (MLF) is involved in what actions?

A

coordinating head and eye movement

117
Q

the MLF extends through what structures?

A

Brainstem and the upper thoracic

118
Q

what is the constant location of the MLF?

A

midline, dorsally just anterior to the cerebral aqueduct and fourth ventricle

119
Q

Vestibular fibers receive fibers from where?

A

vestibular nuclei

120
Q

superiorly vestibular nuclei sends information where?

A

nuclei of CN III, IV & VI. Thus the eyes move in relation to movement of the head

121
Q

medial vestibular nuclei sends information where?

A

AHCs of the cervical and upper thoracic regions as the medial vestibulospinal tract

122
Q

the connections of the medial vestibulospinal tracts allows for what?

A

the neck and the trunk to move in relation to the movement of the head

123
Q

MLF contains both _____ & _____ fibers?

A

descending and ascending fibers

124
Q

the ascending fibers of the MLF are responsible for what?

A

connections with the nuclei of the occulomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves, allowing for coordination of eye and head movement

125
Q

the descending fibers of the MLF are responsible for what?

A

extending into the spinal cord as the medial vestibulospinal tract

126
Q

which neurons give rise to the Lateral vestibulospinal tract

A

inferior and lateral nuclei

127
Q

does the lateral vestibulospinal tract give off ipsilateral or contralateral fibers?

A

mainly ipsilateral but may give off some contralateral fibers

128
Q

what motor neurons innervate postural muscles?

A

alpha and gamma

129
Q

what two motor neurons are excited by the lateral vestibulospinal tract?

A

gamma and alpha

130
Q

how is the superior colliculus a part of the MLF?

A

because it’s descending fibers form part of the tectospinal tract which is a part of the MLF

131
Q

what is the job of the superior colliculus?

A

it coordinates the movement of the eyes and the turning of the neck

132
Q

the internuclear part of the MLF connects to which CN’s of the eye

133
Q

Lesions of the MLF causes what?

A

INO = internuclear ophthalmoplegia

134
Q

conjugate gaze is the eyes ability to what?

A

to work in unison

135
Q

when a patient has INO how will the patient present?

A

they would not be able to laterally gaze in conjunction due to the relative eye will not adduct

136
Q

lesions of the corticopsinal tract in the brainstem will affect which side of the body?

A

contralateral

137
Q

lesions of the corticopsinal tract in the spinal cord will affect which side of the body?

A

ipsilateral

138
Q

stroke of the brainstem of higher will cause what?

A

contralateral hemiplagia

139
Q

signs of a umn lesion of the corticospinal tract/pyramidal tract?

A

Babinski sign.
Loss of superficial abdominal reflexes
Loss of cremasteric reflex (L1 spinal nerve)
Loss of performance of fine skilled movements

140
Q

positive Babinski sign

A

dorsal flexion of big toe and fanning of other toes in response to scratching of the lateral aspect of the sole of the foot.

141
Q

UMN lesion of the extrapyramidal tracts?

A
  1. severe paralysis with no atrophy
    Spasticity or hypertonicity (due to damage of inhibitory fibers)
  2. Exaggerated deep tendon reflexes
  3. Clasp-knife rigidity
142
Q

the 3 tracts of the extrapyramidal

A

rubrospinal
reticulospinal tracts (pontine and medullary)
tectospinal
vestibulospinal

143
Q

UMN usually involve what two tracts?

A

pyramidal & extrapyramidal tracts

144
Q

because extrapyramidal tracts inhibit muscle tone what would happen when it has a lesion?

A

increased tonicity of the muscle and NO atrophy

145
Q

LMN lesion of the AHC’s or motor nerve fibers or NMJ will lead to?

A

atrophy, absent tendon reflexes, muscular contracture

fasciculation,

146
Q

Brown-Sequard Syndrome caused by

A

bullet, stab wound, fracture dislocation, tumor.

147
Q

Brown-Sequard Syndrome is injury to what?

A

½ of the spinal cord is damaged at one specific level (Hemi-section of SC)

148
Q

name the syndrome that involes hemisection of SC?

A

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

149
Q

hemisection of the spinal cord will lead to damage of what 4 structures?

A

lateral corticospinal tract, dorsal corticospinal tract, Lateral Spinothalamic Tract, ventral horn

150
Q

damage to the lateral corticospinal tract in a hemisection of the spinal cord will result in

A

Ipsilateral spastic paralysis with positive Babinski sign below the lesion

151
Q

damage to the Dorsal Columns: Gracilis and Cuneatus Tracts in a hemisection of the spinal cord will result in

A

Ipsilateral loss of tactile discrimination, position and vibration senses below the level of the lesion

152
Q

damage to the Lateral Spinothalamic Tract in a hemisection of the spinal cord will result in

A

Contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensations below the level of the lesion

153
Q

damage to the Ventral Horn in a hemisection of the spinal cord will result in

A

Ipsilateral flaccid paralysis of innervated muscles

154
Q

how will the patients sensory present at the level of the lesion?

A

anesthesia

155
Q

“Vitamin B12 Neuropathy” pateint will have what?

A

Gradual degeneration of the posterior column leading to proprioceptive loss and unsteadiness when walking in the dark
&
Gradual degeneration of the corticospinal tracts leading to UMN weakness

156
Q

Syringomyelia

is what?

A

developmental abnormality that results on the cavitation and gliosis in the central region of the spinal cord.

157
Q

which tracts are interrupted in Syringomyelia?

A

the lateral and anterior spinothalamic tracts as they cross the spinal cord

158
Q

how will a patient present with syringomyelia?

A

Bilateral segmental loss of pain and temperature with preservation of proprioception (dissociated sensory loss) are common.

159
Q

Poliomyelitis

is a viral infection what portion of vertebral body?

A

ventral horns and motor nuclei of cranial nerves

160
Q

Tabes Dorsalis is seen in patients that have what?

A

neurosyphilis

161
Q

tabes dorsalis is when what happens?

A

Loss of tactile discrimination
Loss of sense of position of muscles and joints
Loss of vibration sense
Astereognosis

162
Q

Positive Romberg sign: in a patient that has neurosyphilis

A

Sensory ataxia; swaying of the body when the patient closes his eyes

163
Q

name the location of N1 of the lateral spinothalmic tract?

164
Q

Anterolateral Tracts?

Where do the N1 synapse at?

A

lamina I, II (substantia gelatinosa), and V on second order neurons

165
Q

the spinal lemniscus synapes on the N3 in what portion of the brain?

A

VPL of the thalamus.

166
Q

For the Lateral spinothalmic tract the thalamic somatosensory radiations pass through which limb of the internal capsule ?

167
Q

after the somatosensory radiations of the lateral spinothalmic tract pass through the posterior limb of the internal capsule where else does in pass throguh?

A

corona radiata

168
Q

after the thalamic somatosensory radiations of the lateral spinothalmic tract pass through the corona radiata and the posterior limb of the internal capsule where does in go next?

A

somatosensory cortex and the cingulate gyrus

169
Q

the dull aching pain sensed by the lateral spinothalmic tract is sent to where in the brain?

A

cingulate gyrus

170
Q

broadman area 40 is for

A

secondary somatosensory

171
Q

area 5 and 7 are for what areas of the brain?

A

somatosensoyr association area

172
Q

which of the following are hard to localize?

  1. slow pain
  2. fast pain
173
Q

where do most of the slow pain fibers synapse at?

A

the reticular formation

174
Q

which part of the brain interprets pain in relation to past experiences?

A

post central gyrus

175
Q

which part of the brain interprets the emotional aspect of pain

A

cingulate gyrus

176
Q

which system involves the release of endorphins and enkephalins?

A

analgesia system

177
Q

enkephalins and endorphins inhibit what?

A

P release from 1st order neurons and suppress second order neurons also.

178
Q

Effects of lesion of lateral spinothalamic tract

A

 Loss of pain and temperature sensations on the contralateral side below the level of the lesion

179
Q

when The surgeon makes a cut in the anterior part of lateral funiculus/column of spinal cord to relieve intractable pain what is it called

A

tractotomy

180
Q

ventral spinothalamic pathway is responsible for

A

crude and light touch

181
Q

which kind of receptors are involved in the ventral spinothalamic tract?

A

meissners corpuscles, Merkels disks, ruffini endings and free nerve endings

182
Q

peritrichial nerve endings are associated with what touch receptor?

A

merkels disks

183
Q

the first order neurons terminate where?

A

substantia gelatinosa (on second order neurons)

184
Q

where do the N2 of the ventral spinothalmic tract cross over at?

A

the anterior body of the spinal cord

185
Q

the N2 travle within whta columns as the spintothalmic tract?

A

anterior white column

186
Q

Second order neurons from the anterior and lateral spinothalamic tracts share one common location, which is?

A

Substantia gelatinosa

187
Q

rexed 1 is for

A

noxia and thermal

188
Q

substantia gelantinosa/lamina 2 is for

A

noxius, touch and thermal

189
Q

nucleus proprius/lamina 3 & 4) is for

A

protopathic to only strong stimuli

190
Q

Lamina5&6 for which tracts

A

/corticospinal and rubrospinal tracts

191
Q

what other tracts does the ventral spinal tract join to form the spinal lemniscus?

A

lateral spinothalmic tract and the spinotectal tract

192
Q

N3 of the ventral spinothalmic tract synapses where?

A

VPL or the thalmus

193
Q

after the N3 synapses at the VPL what are the fibers called now?

A

sensory radiation

194
Q

where do the sensory radiation go in regards to the ventral spinothalmic tract?

A

the posterior limb of the internal capsule and corona radiata to the somesthetic area of the post-central gyrus of the cerebral cortex (areas 3,1,

195
Q

In order for furhter conscious appreciation of the sensory observed by the ventral spinothalmic tract where does it need to go?

A

cerebral cortex

196
Q

lesions of the ventral spinothalmic tract will present how?

A

Contralateral loss of light touch sensibility below the level of the lesion
NOTE that touch is not completely loss

197
Q

is the sense of touch completely loss a lesions of the ventral spinothalmic tract?

198
Q

the 3 regions that proprioceptive impulses can go to?

A

DCML

stretch reflexes via axon collaterals & other unconscious prorioception goes to the cerebellum

199
Q

Which of the sensory tracts are the largest collection of sensory fibers in the CNS?

200
Q

where is the DCML located?

A

posterior funiculus

201
Q

difference between graphesthesia and stereogenesis that is sensed by the DCML?

A 
Graphesthesia = ability to recognize writing on the skin just by touch. 
Stereognosis = ability to identify a specific object in your hand by touch.
202
Q

out of the gracile or cuneate, which one is located medially?

203
Q

the cuneate and gracile nuclei form what when ascending?

A

internal arcuate fibers

204
Q

the cuneate and gracile fibers ascend in what?

A

Medial lemniscus on the opposite side after they cross

205
Q

where is the 3rd order neuron for the DCML?

206
Q

If you cut the right half of C-3 you would lose most conscious touch sensation from which part of your body?

207
Q

pathway of the DCML

A

Fasciculus gracilis > gracile nucleus > internal arcuate fibers > Medial Lemniscus> VPL of Thalamus> postcentral gyrus of the somatosensory cortex.

208
Q

Cuneocerebellar and rostral spinocerebellar tracts transmit proprioceptive information from the _______limbs and _______

A

upper, trunk

209
Q

Dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tracts transmit proprioceptive information from the _______ limbs and ______

A

lower, trunk

210
Q

UNCONSCIOUS PERCEPTION INVOLVES __TRACTS; ALL OF THEM REACH THE CEREBELLUM OF THE ______ SIDE

A

4, SAME (IPSILATERAL CONTROL)

211
Q

DORSAL (POSTERIOR) SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACT N1 is located where?

212
Q

proprioceptors of the DORSAL (POSTERIOR) SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACT

A

muscle spindles

213
Q

second order neurons of the DORSAL (POSTERIOR) SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACT are located in?

A

ipsilateral Clarke’s nucleus (Clarke’s column)= nucleus dorsalis (in lamina VII) of the dorsal horn of gray matter

214
Q

the axons ascend _____ to enter the cerebellum through the _______ cerebellar peduncle

A

ipsilaterally,inferior

215
Q

Clark’s column (nucleus dorsalis) extends only too which spinal cord segments?

A

C8-L4 spinal cord segments

216
Q

The information for the DORSAL (POSTERIOR) SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACt lower that L4 ascends through what until in can reach the nucleus dorsalis?

A

the fasciculus gracilis

217
Q

VENTRAL (ANTERIOR) SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACT transmits what information from what region of the body?

A

Transmits proprioceptive information from the lower limbs and lower half of body (below T6)

218
Q

the Proprioceptive receptors are mainly ____________ in the VENTRAL (ANTERIOR) SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACT

A

Golgi tendon organs

219
Q

VENTRAL (ANTERIOR) SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACT N1 are located where?

220
Q

VENTRAL (ANTERIOR) SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACT N2 are located where?

A

nucleus dorsalis

221
Q

do the N2 axons of the VENTRAL (ANTERIOR) SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACT cross or stay ipsilateral?

A

majority cross to the oppposite side of the spinal cord

222
Q

what column does the ventral spinocerebellar tract ascend in

A

ascends in the contralateral lateral white column

223
Q

what is special about the fibers of the VENTRAL (ANTERIOR) SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACT as they aproach the superior cerebellar peduncle?

A

they cross back over to where the sensation was felt

224
Q

ROSTRAL SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACT Transmits ?

A

proprioceptive information from the upper limbs to the ipsilateral cerebellum

225
Q

ROSTRAL SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACT Is the equivalent of the ventral spinocerebellar tract, with two differences

A

a)it relays upper limb proprioceptive information, b) it never crosses the midline and stays ipsilateral all the way to the cerebellum.

226
Q

ROSTRAL SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACT It enters the cerebellum through the _____ cerebellar peduncle

227
Q

CUNEOCEREBELLAR TRACT Transmits

A

proprioceptive information from the upper limb and upper half of the body (Cervical nerves to T6)

228
Q

CUNEOCEREBELLAR TRACT It is the upper limb equivalent of

A

dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT)

229
Q

CUNEOCEREBELLAR TRACT

First-order neurons are located in

230
Q

ASCENDING PATHWAYS THAT DON’T REACH CEREBRAL CORTEX

A

Spinotectal tract, . Spinoreticular tract,. Spino-olivary tract

231
Q

Spinotectal tract reflexes for what?

A

spinovisual relfexes

232
Q

Spinoreticular tract Second-order neurons are located in the

A

dorsal gray matter

233
Q

Spinoreticular tract First-order neurons are located in the

234
Q

Spinoreticular tract neurons ascend ______ mostly in the lateral white column

235
Q

Spinoreticular tract ends on what?

A

the neurons of the reticular formation

236
Q

Spinoreticular tract provides afferent information to ?

A

the reticular formation

237
Q

spinoreticular tract is important to initiate behavioral reactions to

A

painful stimuli.

238
Q

Spino-olivary tract pathway

A

Runs from the spinal cord to the inferior olivary nucleus (in medulla), then to cerebellum

239
Q

Spino-olivary tract pathway N1?

240
Q

Spino-olivary tract N2?

A

Second-order neurons are located in the dorsal gray matter

241
Q

Spino-olivary tract N3?

A

This tract ends on third order neurons located in the inferior olivary nucleus of the medulla oblongata.

242
Q

Spino-olivary tract N3 axons enter the cerebellum through which peduncle?

243
Q

Spino-olivary tract conveys proprioceptive information to cerebellum for

A

fine tuning of movements, i.e. signals the cerebellum when movement errors occur.

244
Q

Visceral Sensory Tracts (GVA)are sensations from where?

A

Sensations from the viscera

245
Q

causes of visceral pain?

A

ischemia, chemical changes or damage, spasm of smooth muscles and distension

246
Q

Visceral Sensory Tracts (GVA First-order neurons

247
Q

Visceral Sensory Tracts (GVA N2

A

in Rexed laminae V & VII

248
Q

Visceral Sensory Tracts (GVA)

axons of N2 travel with what other tracts to the thalmus?

A

Axons of second-order neurons join the spinothalamic tracts and travel up to the thalamus.

249
Q

Visceral Sensory Tracts (GVA)

N3 go to?

A

Third-order neurons are located in the VPL

trisemester 3 TCC (25 decks)

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