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trisemester 3 TCC > neuro test 1 pwp 1 > Flashcards

neuro test 1 pwp 1 Flashcards

1
Q

central nervous system consists of two main structues known as

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

main parts of the brain

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, brainstem

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3
Q

parts of the diencephalon

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland and pituitary gland

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4
Q

the brain is contained within the

A

cranial cavity

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5
Q

thalamus is known as the

A

hwy or executive secretary of the

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6
Q

pineal gland secretes which major hormone

A

melatonin

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7
Q

what is the position of the pituitary in relation to the hypothalamus?

A

in front of it

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8
Q

parts of the brainstem

A

midbrain
pons
medulla

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9
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

all nervous tissue outside the axial skeleton

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10
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are within PNS?

A

31

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11
Q

how many pairs of CNs within the PNS?

A

12

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12
Q

Ganglia house

A

sensory and autonomic

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13
Q

somatic nervous system supplies

A

afferent and efferent nerves to the body wall & extremities

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14
Q

visceral nervous system supplies

A

afferent & efferent nerves to the viscera

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15
Q

sensory pathway originate from the _____

A

periphery

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16
Q

impulses sensed by afferent fibers in PNS travel to where

A

the CNS

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17
Q

conscious sensory pathway requires how many neurons?

A

3

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18
Q

conscious sensory pathway leads to what portion of the brain?

A

cerebral cortex & the thalamus is involved

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19
Q

unconscious control sensory pathway involves how many neurons

A

2

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20
Q

unconscious control portion of the sensory pathway leads to where in the brain and bypasses which structure?

A

leads to the cerebellum and bypasses the thalamus

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21
Q

spinocerebellar tract transmits info about which portions of the body?

A

trunk and lower limb muscles and tendons

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22
Q

spinocerebellar tract sends info to which portion of the brain?

A

the cerebellum

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23
Q

is the spinocerebellar tract conscious or unconscious?

A

unconscious

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24
Q

dorsal column tract (medial lemniscal pathway) run only in which column

A

dorsal

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25
Q

Dorsal column tract transmits impulses from where in the body?

A

from receptors in the skin and joints

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26
Q

what kind of sensation does the DCML detect?

A

proprioception, discriminative touch

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27
Q

DCML: 1st order neuron synapses with the 2nd O.N. in the

A

nucleus gracilis OR cuneatus of the medulla

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28
Q

3rd order neuron (thalamic neuron) transmits impulse to where in the brain? For sensory pathway

A

somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)

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29
Q

UMN is totally contained within

A

CNS

30
Q

where are most organelles held in the CNS

A

Cell body

31
Q

UMN for the motor pathway can originate from either the

A

cerebral cortex OR subcortical

32
Q

beloew the cortex is also known as the

A

red nucleus

33
Q

UMN carry motor commands to either the

A

spinal cord or the brainstem

34
Q

UMN axons are housed entirely within the

A

CNS

35
Q

where is the cell body of a LMN located?

A

CNS

36
Q

Where is the axon the LMN located?

A

PNS

37
Q

LMN originates from either the

A

brainstem or the spinal cord

38
Q

What are the two groups of UMN (tracts) for motor?

A

pyramidal tract & extrapyramidal tract

39
Q

pyramidal umn group contains 2 tracts known as

A

corticospinal tract & corticobulbar/corticonuclear fibers

40
Q

corticospinal tract pathway is located between which 2 structures?

A

motor cortex & spinal cord

41
Q

corticospinal tract pathway is responsible for

A

controlling voluntary fine skilled movements of the extremities

42
Q

Which pathway of the umn pyramidal tract do you use when writing

A

corticospinal tract

43
Q

Corticobulbar/corticonuclear fibers locations

A

between the motor cortex and brain stem

44
Q

Corticobulbar/corticonuclear fibers responsible for

A

voluntary skeletal muscles supplied by cranial nerves

45
Q

extrapyramidal (indirect) tract is located between the

A

subcortical centers and and the spinal cord

46
Q

extrapyramidal (indirect) is responsible for controlling

A

voluntary muscle movements

47
Q

2 groups of LMN within the extrapyramidal tract?

A

anterior horn cells of the spinal cord & motor nuclei of cranial nerves in the brainstem

48
Q

neuraxis (CNS) forms the letter

A

T

49
Q

neuraxis is the axis of the

A

CNS

50
Q

(hemisphere) rostral

A

toward the front

51
Q

(hemisphere) caudal

A

towards the back of the brain

52
Q

occipital lobe is ___ to the frontal lobe

A

caudal

53
Q

(hemisphere) ventral

A

inferior surface of the brain

54
Q

(hemisphere) dorsal

A

superior surface of the brain

55
Q

the parietal lobe is at what anatomical direction

A

dorsal

56
Q

(brainstem and spinal cord)

rostral

A

superior

57
Q

(brainstem and spinal cord)

caudal

A

inferior towards the bottom

58
Q

ventral (brainstem and spinal cord)

A

towards the front

59
Q

dorsal (brainstem and spinal cord)

A

towards the back

60
Q

meddulla oblongate is _____ to the midbrain

A

caudal

61
Q

the cerebellum is _____ to the pons

A

dorsal

62
Q

white matter of the brain consists of

A

myelin (oligodendrocytes - CNS)
blood vessels
astrocytes

63
Q

gray matter of the brain is the site of

A

information processing

64
Q

gray matter of the brain consists of

A 
neurons in the cerebral cortex
basal ganglia
unmyelinated axons
dendrites
synaptic terminals
neuroglial cells
astrocytes: BBB
microglial cells
Blood vessels
65
Q

microglial are a version of a

A

monocyte

66
Q

basal ganglia is important for

A

planning and organizing movement and posture.

keep movement controlled within the prox. limbs and trunk

eliminates unwanted movements

67
Q

basal ganglia is most active when

A

movement is first initiated

68
Q

3 types of fibers in the white matter

A

association
commissural
projection

69
Q

lesion of coricobulbar tract will most likely result in

A

facial problems

70
Q

dorsal horn is associatead with

A

sensory

71
Q

spinothalamic tract deccusates at the ______ level while the DCML decussates at the _____ level

A
  1. vertebral body

2. medulla oblongata

trisemester 3 TCC (25 decks)

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