Vascular Disorders Session 2 Flashcards
What is the goal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?
A. Decrease blood pressure
B. Increase the heart rate
C. Increase the blood pressure
D. Decrease the heart rate
Answer: C
Rationale: This is the long term regulator of Blood Pressure. The goal when activated is to INCREASE BP.
Select all the roles of angiotensin II when it is activated in the RAAS system
A. Activates bradykinin
B. Triggers the release of aldosterone
C. Increases the blood volume
D. Causes vasodilation
E. Increases systemic vascular resistance
F. Causes the release of antidiuretic hormone
Answer: B,C,E,F
Rationale: These are the effects of Angiotensin 2 and all factors that lead to that increase in BP
What is the role of aldosterone?
A. It causes constriction of vessels.
B. It causes the kidneys to keep sodium and water.
C. It causes the kidneys to keep potassium and water.
D. It causes the kidneys to only keep water.
Answer: B
Rationale: This is the role of Aldosterone in the RAAS system. Remember where NA goes Water will follow!
What is the role of the antidiuretic hormone during RAAS?
A. Causes the kidneys to keep water
B. Leads to vasoconstriction of vessels
C. Activates the release of angiotensin I
D. Prevents the activation of the parasympathetic nervous system
Answer: A
Rationale: ANTI - DIURETIC (decreases urination). ADH tells the Kidneys to RETAIN water.
Select below the CORRECT sequence in how the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system works:
A. Angiotensin I -> Angiotensin II -> ACE -> Renin -> Angiotensinogen
B. Angiotensinogen -> Renin->Angiotensin I -> ACE -> Angiotensin II
C. Renin -> Angiotensin I -> Angiotensinogen -> ACE -> Angiotensin II
D. Angiotensinogen -> Renin -> ACE -> Angiotensin I -> Angiotensin II
Answer: B
A 65-year-old woman weighs 200 lb and has a history of tobacco use, high blood pressure, high sodium intake, and sedentary lifestyle.
When developing an individualized care plan for her, the
nurse determines that the risk factors for peripheral artery disease (PAD) that need to be modified are: SATA
a. Weight
b. Post Menopausal status
c. tobacco use and high blood pressure.
d. Her increasing Age.
Answer: A, C
Rationale: The modifiable risk factors associated wtih PAD include: high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, HTN, and diabetes.
You are collecting a health history from a woman during her yearly visit. She states she is concerned because she notices the tips of her fingers turn a pale color and become numb followed by a period of time when they hurt and turn a bright red. What is the most important questions for you to ask?
A. Do you have a history of diabetes?
B. What are you doing and where are you at when this happens?
C. Have you had any illnesses lately?
D. Have you mentioned these concerns to your gynecologist?
Answer: B
Rationale: These are the classic clinical manifestations of Raynaud’s phenomenon. The best treatment for this condition is to avoid triggers, so asking what precipitates these events can help identify her specific triggers
A patient is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Which signs and symptoms would suggest that his aneurysm has ruptured?
a. Sudden shortness of breath and hemoptysis
b. Sudden, severe back pain and bruising along his flank
c. Gradually increasing substernal chest pain and diaphoresis
d. Sudden, patchy blue mottling on feet and toes and rest pain
Answer: B
Rationale: these are the classic CM of a ruptured AAA and what you would be looking for in this patient. This is an emergency with a high mortality rate.
The patient at highest risk for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is
a. a 5 year old child who is having his tonsils removed
b. a 32-year-old woman who smokes, takes oral contraceptives, and has a history of Afib and atherosclerotic disease
c. a 26-year-old woman who is 2 weeks postpartum and received maintenance IV fluids for 12 hours during her labor.
d. an active 72-year-old man at home recovering from transurethral resection of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Answer: B
Rationale: highest risk = MOST RISK FACTORS
Virchow’s Triad
Which are probable clinical findings in a person with an acute lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) SATA?
a. Pallor and coolness of foot and calf
b. Mild to moderate calf pain and tenderness
c. Grossly diminished or absent pedal pulses
d. Unilateral edema and erythema
Answers: B,D
Rationale: A clot blocking a vein would cause blood to pool in the affected extremety
Which patient(s) are at risk for developing coronary artery disease? Select-all-that-apply:
A. A 25 year old patient who exercises 3 times per week for 30 minutes a day and has a history of cervical cancer.
B. A 35 year old male with a BMI of 30 and reports smoking 2 packs of cigarettes a day.
C. A 45 year old female that reports her father died at the age of 42 from a myocardial infraction and has a history of high cholesterol
D. A 29 year old that has type I diabetes.
Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: Risk factors for CAD are the same risk factors for atherosclerosis
A patient reports during a routine check-up that he is experiencing chest pain and shortness of breath while performing activities. He states the pain goes away when he rests. This is known as:
A. Unstable angina
B. Variant angina
C. Stable angina
D. Prinzmetal angina
Answer: C
Rationale: stable angina is relieved by rest and exacerbated by physical activity
A client comes to the outpatient clinic and tells the nurse that he has had leg pains that begin when he walks but cease when he stops walking. Which of the following conditions would the nurse assess for?
A. Peripheral Artery Disease in the legs.
B. DVT in the left leg.
C. Diabetes.
D. Calcium deficiency.
Answer: A
Rationale: this client is experiencing intermittent claudication pain which is a classic CM of PAD
A client is admitted with a venous stasis leg ulcer. A nurse assesses the ulcer, expecting to note that the ulcer:
A. Has a pale colored base.
B. Is coin shaped, with approximated edges.
C. Has no exudate or weeping present.
D. Has brown pigmentation around it.
Answer: D
Rationale: venous ulcers are weeping, with rough edges and may have brown/brawny skin around the edges
A significant cause of venous thrombosis embolism (VTE) is:
A. Altered blood coagulation
B. Stasis of blood
C. Vessel wall injury
D. All of the above
Answer: D
Rationale: This is Virchow’s triad
