Immune Flashcards
Define Titer
- A blood test to detect antibodies against a SPECIFIC disease
Rationale: A titer will test for antibodies present in your blood to a specific disease. You could have antibodies from previous illness or from a vaccine.
A HIV positive patient is considered AIDS positive when CD4 cells reach what level?
Below 200
What are the effects of histamine on the body?
- Vasodilation: This increases blood flow to the area
- Increased vascular permeability: To allow for movement of other cells and fluids into the point of injury
*Think swelling!
What is the acronym to help you remember the localized CM seen with the inflammatory response?
H: Heat E: Edema L: Loss of Function P: Pain R: Redness
A type IV hypersensitivity disorder is mediated by
- T cells
- Rationale: This is the only hypersensitivity disorder that is not mediated by an antibody. This is the DELAYED reaction.
- T cells Take Time!
Your patient presents with a butterfly rash on their face and joint pain. Which hypersensitivity disorder do you suspect they are suffering from?
- Type III
- Rationale: These are symptoms of SLE which is a type III hypersensitivity disorder. This disorder is caused by the circulating complexes in the blood stream attacking different areas of the body
SATA Test Taking Tips
SATA Pyramid
https://youtu.be/leiYSBZj-vU
Registered Nurse RN
https://youtu.be/ST8fTSldAEM
Which clinical manifestations would you expect to see in a patient experiencing systemic anaphylaxis? SATA
- Hypertension
- Bronchodilation
- N/V
- Constipation
- Hives/Itching
- Skin erythema
- 3,5,6
- Skin: hives, pruitis, erythema
- Respiratory: Bronchospasms, laryngeal edema (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS!)
- GI: N/V, diarrhea
- Cardiovascular: HYPOtension, shock
- Clinical manifestations for systemic anaphylaxis can be broken down by body system
Possible causes of secondary immunodeficiency disorders include… SATA
- Genetic Disorders
- Pregnancy
- Chemotherapy Medications
- Chronic Alcoholism
-Answer: 2,3,4
-Rationale:Possible causes include:
Normal physiologic changes
-Pregnancy
-Older age
-Infancy
Medications
Malnutrition
- Alcoholism or Drug Use
Illness
What is the cause of a primary immunodeficiency disorder?
What age group will these disorders present in primarily?
- Genetics
- Childhood
What will your most common CM be for a primary immunodeficiency disorder?
*Hint: There are 2
- Severe infections requiring recurrent admissions to hospital
- Failure to thrive or poor growth in newborns
T/F: Testing for HIV too early could lead to a false negative.
True
Rationale: Sequence testing must be done at 3wk, 6wk, and 3 months to avoid false negatives found during the “window period”
What is the name of the test done to detect HIV antigens?
Western Blot
What are the functions of the inflammatory response? SATA
- Contain the amount of injury
- Protect the host from pain
- Neutralize and dilute pathogenic agent
- Establish an environment for healing
- 1,3,4
- Rationale: The inflammatory response functions to contain the amount of injury, to dilute and neutralize the foreign agent, and to establish an environment for healing.
- Inflammation often causes pain depending on where it is located.
Priority Questions: Test Taking Tips
- Safety First!
- ABCs
- Least Invasive First!
*Always consider what will kill your patient first and address that! Very rarely will you do nothing.
