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Pathophysiology > Endocrine Content > Flashcards

Endocrine Content Flashcards

1
Q

If a gland is removed due to illness what are the treatment options?

A. The body will compensate naturally
B. Synthetic hormones must be given for a short time and then weaned off
C. Synthetic hormones must be given for the remainder of their life
D. The gland will grow back

A

Answer: C

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2
Q

If a hormone has “stimulating” in it’s name what is the main function?

A. To stimulate growth
B. To stimulate the release of a different hormone
C. To inhibit the release of other hormones
D. To inhibit growth of tissues

A

Answer: B

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3
Q

Which hormones are released by the Posterior lobe of the Pituitary Gland? SATA

A. Antidiuretic Hormone
B. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
C. Growth Hormone
D. Oxytocin

A

Answer: A, D

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4
Q

What is the action of ADH?

A

Answer: Retain Water

Anti
Diuretic - to put off water
Hormone

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5
Q

Which disorder will you see if you have an uncontrolled increase of ADH?

A. Diabetes Insipidus
B. Diabetes Mellitus
C. Addison’s Disease
D. SIADH

A

Answer: D

“Soaked Inside”

How will sodium be affected with this disorder?
Urine Osmolality?

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6
Q

Which disorder will you see if you have too little ADH?

A

Answer: Diabetes Insipidus

“Dry Inside”

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7
Q

What are the CM of Diabetes Insipidus? SATA

A. Oliguria
B. Polyuria
C. Polydipsia
D. Dehydration
E. Urinary Retention

A

Answer: B, C, D

How will Sodium be affected with this disorder?
Urine Osmolality?

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8
Q

Which of the following disorders would you expect to see a decreased metabolism, cold intolerance, and low heart rate?

A. Grave’s Disease
B. Thyroid Storm
C. Hypoparathyroidism
D. Hashimoto’s Disease

A

Answer: D

Is this hypo or hyper thyroidism?
What will T3/T4 levels look like?
TSH Levels?

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9
Q

If left untreated, what complication would you expect to see with hypothyroidism?

A. Thyroid Storm
B. Grave’s Disease
C. Hashimoto’s Disease
D. Myxedema

A

Answer: D

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10
Q

What is needed to synthesize Thyroid Hormones?

A. Sodium
B. Water
C. Iodine
D. Potassium

A

Answer: C

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11
Q

In which Thyroid disorder will you see CM that include exopthalmos, weight loss, and heat intolerance?

A. Hashimoto’s Disease
B. Myxedema
C. Grave’s Disease
D. Hyperparathyroidism

A

Answer: C

Is this Hyper or Hypo thyroidism?
What T3/T4 labs will you see?
TSH?

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12
Q

What is the life threatening complication associated with Hyperthyroidism?

A. Grave’s Disease
B. Thyroid Storm (thyroidtoxicosis)
C. Hashimoto’s Disease
D. Myxedema

A

Answer: B

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13
Q

What is the function of Aldosterone? SATA

A. Sodium Reabsorption
B. Sodium Excretion
C. Potassium Reabsorption
D. Potassium Excretion

A

Answer: A, D

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14
Q

What are the effects of Cortisol on the body? SATA

A. Impacts Glucose, Fat, and Protein Metabolism
B. Increases Sodium Reabsorption
C. Increases amount of circulating Glucose
D. Decreases amount of circulating Glucose

A

Answer: A, C

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15
Q

What is the disease associated with Adrenal Insufficiency?

A. Addison’s Disease
B. Cushing’s Disease
C. Grave’s Disease
D. Hashimoto’s Disease

A

Answer: A

We need to ADD more in ADDison’s
What is a hallmark integumentary manifestation seen with this disorder?

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16
Q

What labs will you see with Addison’s Disease? SATA

A. Hyperglycemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Low AM Cortisol

A

Answer: B, D

• LOW cortisol
• Hypoglycemia
• Hyponatremia
• Hyperkalemia

17
Q

What CM will you see with Cushing’s Disease? SATA

A. Central Obesity
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Moon Face/Buffalo Hump
D. HTN
E. Hyperpigmentation

A

Answer: A, C, D

18
Q

What labs will be seen in Cushing’s Syndrome? SATA

A. Hypoglycemia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Elevated AM Cortisol
E. Hyponatremia

A

Answer: B, D

HIGH cortisol
• Hyperglycemia
• Hypernatremia
• Hypokalemia

19
Q

What is the function of insulin

A. To release glucose from the cells
B. Facilitates uptake of glucose into the cells
C. Inhibits glycolysis
D. Breaks down adipose tissue

A

Answer: B

20
Q

What is the cause of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

A

Destruction of insulin secreting beta cells in the pancreas

What does this mean for treatment?

21
Q

What does the HgA1C lab tell us?

A

How well managed blood glucose is over 3 months

22
Q

Describe the three most common CM seen in T1DM.

A

Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia

23
Q

If you find your diabetic patient unconscious, cold, and tachycardic which complication would you suspect?

A. Hypoglycemia
B. Diabetic Ketoacidosis
C. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
D. Hyperglycemia

A

Answer: A

“Cool and Clammy, Need Some Candy”

24
Q

Which acute hyperglycemic complication is typically seen in type 1 diabetics?

A. Retinopathy
B. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
C. Diabetic Ketoacidosis
D. Nephropathy

A

Answer: C

25
Q

Which of the following are caused by long term damage to the small vessels (MICROVASCULAR) of the body RT viscous blood? SATA

A. Retinopathy
B. CVA
C. Neuropathy
D. Nephropathy
E. Hypoglycemic coma

A

Answer: A, C, D

26
Q

Because the blood glucose is so high and blood is so viscous what fatal complication are we concerned about with HHS?

A. Damage to Kidney
B. Increased ketones in the blood
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Thrombus formation

A

Answer: D

27
Q

T/F: A hospitalized patient may experience a spike in BG even if they are not diabetic?

A

True

Stress hormones (Cortisol Release) elevates blood glucose levels. A well controlled T2 diabetic may require insulin while hospitalized even if they don’t use it regularly

*This should also be considered during times of illness or infection. Increased stress on the body will increase blood glucose levels

28
Q

The nurse admitting a patient newly diagnosed with type 2 DM should expect the following symptoms upon assessment, EXCEPT:

A. Fatigue
B. Paresthesia
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Possible fungal infections

A

Answer: C

29
Q

A client with a diagnosis of DKA is being treated in the ER. What would a nurse expect to find with this diagnosis? SATA

A. Decreased blood pH
B. BG <50
C. Positive Ketones in urine
D. Rapid deep breathing
E. Fruity odor to the breath

A

Answer: A, C, D, E

Pathophysiology (24 decks)

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