Vascular Disorders Flashcards
Claudication pain is a common CM of which disease?
A. Raynauds Phenomenon
B. AAA
C. Peripheral Artery Disease
D. Coronary Artery Disease
Answer: C
Bonus Q: Where is claudication pain located?
What CM might you see in someone with an un-ruptured AAA? SATA
A. Fever
B. Pulsating Mass, Bruits
C. Asymptomatic
D. Flank ecchymosis
Answer: B,C
Rationale: With an un-ruptured AAA the patient will most likely be asymptomatic, you might be able to locate a pulsating mass or auscultate bruits
Which finding would concern you if a patient has a AAA?
Which is more dangerous, stable or unstable plaque?
Answer:Unstable
Why?
Bonus Q: which would be relieved by rest?
Which are non modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis? SATA
A. Increased age
B. Post menopause
C. High LDL
D. Obesity
E. Smoking
Answer: A,B
Rationale: “non-modifiable” risk factors cannot be changed. The other options are modifiable risk factors
Who is more likely to exhibit atypical CM of a MI?
A. Women
B. Men
C. Older pt
D. Younger pt
Answer: A
Rationale: Women more commonly exhibit the atypical manifestations of MI.
What are some atypical manifestations you would look for?
Why is this important to know? Remember: TIME IS TISSUE
Which CM would you see in Acute Peripheral Artery Occlusion? SATA
A. Pain
B. Erythema
C. Absent pulses
D. Heat
Answer: A,C
Rationale: Arteries carry blood AWAY from the heart and TO the tissues. If there is occlusion, blood cannot reach the affected limb.
No blood flow - no pulses, pallor, etc.
How does the body compensate for Hypotension? SATA
A. Slows heart rate
B. Heart contracts harder
C. Releases ADH
D. Vasoconstricts blood flow to non vital organs
E. Systemic vasodilation to promote flow of blood
Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: All of these actions would INCREASE blood pressure.
TIP: The body can INCREASE VOLUME or DECREASE SURFACE AREA to increase blood flow.
Describe the pathophysiology of orthostatic hypotension
A. Chronic, low BP
B. Chronic, elevated BP
C. Abnormal drop in BP when switching positions
D. SBP > 90 mmHg
Answer: C
Describe the CM of a DVT: SATA
A. Unilateral swelling
B. Painless
C. Warmth
D. Pallor
E. Erythema
Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Veins carry blood away from the tissues, back to the heart. If there is an occlusion, blood cannot get out.
Occlusion = Swelling, warmth, erythema, etc
What would you expect to see in a venous ulcer? SATA
A. Weeping
B. Dry
C. Coin shaped
D. irregular margins
E. Located on the toes
Answer: A,D
Rationale: Blood is pooled in the extremity which will cause fluid to leak. The weeping would cause skin breakdown which leads to irregular margins.
What would you expect to see in an arterial ulcer?
A. Dry
B. Weeping
C. Gangrene
D. irregular margins
E. Located on the toes
Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Arterial ulcers are caused by a lack of blood flow to the extremity.
No blood - No fluid. Dry, gangrenous, coin-shaped, etc.
What is the best treatment for Raynauds?
A. Antibiotics
B. NSAIDS
C. Avoid Triggers
D. Surgical Intervention
Answer: C
Rationale: There is no cure or known treatment. The best education is to tell the patient to avoid their specific triggers.
What largely controls BP long term?
A. Thyroid
B. Neuro
C. Kidney
D. Liver
Answer: C
Rationale: Kidneys control fluid volume which is the largest impactor of BP!
Low BP = Increase Fluids to increase blood volume
What does aldosterone do? SATA
A. Sodium secretion
B. Water secretion
C. Sodium reabsorption
D. Water reabsorption
Answer: C,D
Rationale: Aldosterone is a hormone that tells the Kidney to absorb Sodium and Water to INCREASE BP
Which of the following are risk factors for DVT? SATA
A. Increased Circulation
B. Hypercoagulability
C. Vascular Damage
D. Circulatory Stasis
E. Use of anticoagulation medications
Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: Anything that would cause BLOOD CLOTS would be a risk factor for DVT. Remember Virchow’s Triad
What is our main nursing consideration with a DVT?
