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Pathophysiology > Respiratory Disorders > Flashcards

Respiratory Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Define Pulmonary Perfusion (Q)

A

Gas exchange at the alveocapillary membrane

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2
Q

Define Ventilation (V)

A

Air moving in and out of the lungs

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3
Q

Define hypercapnia

A

Increased CO2

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4
Q

Define hyoxemia

A

Decreased O2

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5
Q

Define shunting

A

Blood being redirected to an area with better ventilation

Will be seen in Q without V

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6
Q

Which of the following disorders would lead to decreased perfusion without affecting ventilation? SATA

A. Pneumonia
B. Pulmonary Embolism
C. Pulmonary HTN
D. CF
E. Pleural effusion
A

Answer: B, C

Rationale: These will decrease/block blood flow to the pulmonary circulation.

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7
Q

Which organs are most vulnerable to acute oxygen deprivation? SATA

A. Kidney
B. Heart
C. Lungs
D. Brain

A

Answer: B,C,D

Rationale: High O2 requirements and are affected quickly

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8
Q

What will be the first sign of hypoxemia?

A. Peripheral Cyanosis
B. Agitation/Change in neuro status
C. Central Cyanosis
D. Bradypnea

A

Answer: B

Rationale: Brain is very vulnerable to O2 deprivation. Change in LOC will be seen early

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9
Q

What would be seen in a patient attempting to compensate for hypoxemia? SATA

A. Bradycardia
B. Increased RR
C. Vasodilation
D. Increased BP

A

Answer: B,D

Rationale: The body is trying to get more O2.

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10
Q

What is the classic CM of a tension Pneumothorax?

A. Tracheal Deviation
B. Open Chest Wound
C. Cyanosis
D. Digital Clubbing

A

Answer: A

Rationale: think PRESSURE. There is increased pressure in the abdominal cavity.
Air cannot get out which increased pressure causing the shift of surrounding tissues

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11
Q

In a patient with asthma what causes the airway to become obstructed?

A. Inflammation
B. Foreign Body
C. Aspiration
D. Blood

A

Answer: A

Rationale: this is a type 1 IgE mediated inflammatory response

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12
Q

What role does Chronic Bronchitis play in COPD manifestations?

A. Destruction of structures in lung
B. Enlargement/Swelling of structures in lung
C. Overproduction of mucous in the airways
D. Inflammation of the bronchioles

A

Answer: C

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13
Q

What are classic CM of Tuberculosis? SATA

A. Cough
B. Unilateral Wheeze
C. Weight gain
D. Night Sweats

A

Answer: A, D

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14
Q

What is the most common CM of lung cancer?

A. Fever
B. Dyspnea
C. Cough
D. Night Sweats

A

Answer: C

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15
Q

A client with a diagnosis of asthma is admitted to the hospital with respiratory distress. Which type of adventitious lung sounds should the nurse expect to hear when performing a respiratory assessment on this client?

A. Stridor
B. Crackles
C. Wheezes
D. Diminished

A

Answer: C

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16
Q

A client has experienced pulmonary embolism. The nurse should assess for which symptom, which is most commonly reported?

A. Hot, flushed feeling
B. Sudden chills and fever
C. Chest pain that occurs suddenly
D. Dyspnea when deep breaths are taken

A

Answer: C

17
Q

The nurse is teaching a client about changes in body image related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which statement by the client would indicate that teaching was successful?

A .”My nails may become clubbed.”
B. “My nails may have multiple small pits.”
C. “I may develop flattening of the nail plate.”
D. “I may develop horizontal depressions on my nails.”

A

Answer: A

Rationale: This is a late sign of COPD

What are other chronic signs of hypoxemia seen with COPD patients?

18
Q

The emergency department nurse is assessing a client who has sustained a blunt injury to the chest wall. Which finding indicates the presence of a pneumothorax in this client? SATA

A. Clubbing of the fingers
B. Barrel Chest
C. Absent breath sounds unilaterally
D. Tachycardia
E. Dsypnea
A

Answer: C,D,E

19
Q

Which are risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? SATA

A. Purified air
B. Cigarette smoking
C. Genetic risk factor
D. Environmental exposure to toxins
E. Eating unwashed fruits and vegetables
A

Answer: B,C,D

20
Q

Which clinical manifestations of a tension pneumothorax should be of immediate concern to the nurse? SATA

A. Tracheal Deviation
B. HR 80
C. Flattened neck veins
D. Decreased cardiac output
E. Decreased LOC
A

Answer: A,D,E

Pathophysiology (24 decks)

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