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Pathophysiology > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

When is PTH secreted?
What is its Function?
What is Calcitonin?
What is its Function?

A

-PTH - Increases blood calcium, secreted when blood calcium is low
-Calcitonin - Inhibits release of calcium, secreted when blood calcium is elevated

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2
Q

Define a strain

A. Tear in a ligament
B. Pulled muscle
C. Muscle contracture
D. Tear in a tendon

A

Answer: D

Tendon: Muscle to bone

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3
Q

Which of the following is an example of a common sprain location?

A. ACL
B. Hamstring
C. Quadriceps
D. Achilles

A

Answer: A

Ligament: Connects Bone to bone

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4
Q

A subluxation can best be defined as …

A. Articular surfaces of a joint completely separated
B. A partial dislocation
C. A fracture to a long bone
D. The release of fat from the center of a long bone

A

Answer: B

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5
Q

What are concerns with the swelling seen in fractures? SATA

A. Compromised Circulation
B. Infection
C. Fat Emboli
D. Nerve compression/Damage

A

Answer: A, D

Rationale: These are concerns specific to SWELLING

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6
Q

What is the most common causative agent of osteomyelitis?

A. Staph a
B. VRE
C. Fungus
D. Enterococci

A

Answer: A

Why is this so common?

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7
Q

A transverse fracture can best be described as

A. Bone breaks at an angle
B. Bone breaks after being weakened by disease
C. Fracture line is perpendicular to the shaft
D. Occurs due to rotational/twisting force

A

Answer: C

What are the other options describing?

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8
Q

Your patient has a broken hip. You notice a previous diagnosis of Osteoperosis in her chart. You recognize this fracture as:

A. Stress
B. Pathologic
C. Commimuted
D. Injury

A

Answer: B

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9
Q

Describe the difference between a malunion and a non union. (2 correct answers)

A. A malunion is a failure to heal
B. A non union is a failure to heal
C. A malunion is healing with deformity
D. A non union is healing wiht deformity

A

Answer: B,C

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10
Q

Following a motor-vehicle accident, a patient arrives in the emergency department with a suspected right lower-leg fracture and massively swollen leg. Which action will the nurse take FIRST?

A. Elevate the leg on pillows.
B. Apply a compression bandage.
C. Place ice packs on the lower leg.
D. Check leg pulses and sensation.

A

Answer: D

Rationale: Assessment always first

swelling might indicate?

What assessments do we complete for a fracture patient?

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11
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis can best be defined as

A. Progressive tissue fibrosis
B. Unilateral loss of articular cartilage leading to bone spurs
C. Autoimmune destruction of joints bilaterally
D. Urate crystals deposit in the joint

A

Answer: C

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12
Q

Name the disease that can be characterized by progressive loss of articular cartilage and synovitis.

A. Rheumatoid Arthritis
B. SLE
C. Systemic Sclerosis
D. Osteoarthritis

A

Answer: D

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13
Q

What causes the systemic CM seen in osteomyelitis?

A. Drainage
B. Edema
C. Erythema
D. Bacteremia

A

Answer: D

Bacteria in the blood

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14
Q

Which of the following are true regarding Osteopenia? SATA

A. It is common to ALL metabolic bone diseases
B. It is a medical diagnosis
C. Can be seen on an XRay
D. It can only be caused by hormonal imbalances

A

Answer: A,C

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15
Q

Which of the following are risk factors for Osteoporosis? SATA

A. Excessive Exercise
B. A diet high in Calcium and Vit D
C. Hormonal Changes/Abnormalities
D. Sedentary Lifestyle

A

Answer: C,D

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16
Q

Which disease is characterized by inadequate bone mineralization in adults?

A. Paget’s Disease
B. Osteoporosis
C. Osteopenia
D. Osteomalacia

A

Answer: D

17
Q

Which disease is characterized by a decrease in bone mass due to reabsorption exceeding formation?

A. Osteomalacia
B. Osteopenia
C. Osteoporosis
D. Osteomyelitis

A

Answer: C

18
Q

A patient arrives to the ER with a leg fracture. A cast is put in place. The patient tells you the pain medication is not working and that it even hurts to slightly stretch the leg. What is your response to this statement by the patient? SATA

A. Reassure the patient that this is normal after a bone fracture, and reposition the cast.
B. Re-adjust the cast to ensure it fits snugly against the fracture.
C. Perform neurovascular checks.
D. Loosen and remove restrictive items.
E. Notify the physician.

A

Answer: C, D, E

What are we concerned about?

19
Q

Gout is a type of arthritis that occurs due to the accumulation of ______ in the blood that causes needle-like crystals to form around the joints.

A. purines
B. creatinine
C. uric acid
D. amino acids

A

Answer: C

20
Q

While performing a head-to-toe assessment, you assess the patient for signs and symptoms of gout. As the nurse, you know that gout tends to start at what site?

A. Elbow
B. Big toe
C. Thumb or index finger
D. Knees

A

Answer: B

21
Q

Define the following fractures

A. Compound
B. Compression
C. Oblique
D. Transverse

A

A. Open fracture
B. 2 bones crushed together
C. Across the bone at a slanted angle
D. Across bone at right angle to long axis

22
Q

What would you look for in the following neurovascular assessments?

Long Bones:

Circulation:

Movement:

Sensation

A

LONG BONES
• Change in bone alignment, shape, deformity, internal or external rotation, shortened or lengthened extremity
• Rapid swelling-neurovascular compromise
CIRCULATION
• Skin color/temp; capillary refill
• Assess pulses distal to fracture
MOVEMENT
• Move affect area distal to injury
SENSATION
• Numbness or tingling
• Pain

23
Q

What would you expect to see in a patient with osteoporosis? SATA

A. Kyphosis
B. Elongated spinal column
C. Shortened height
D. Scoliosis
E. Back pain

A

Answer: A, C, E

24
Q

What education would you give to parents as prevention of osteoporosis later in life? SATA

A. Limit sodas
B. Encourage an active lifestyle
C. Encourage sun exposure or Vit D supplements
D. Never allow child outside without suncreen
E. Encourage calcium intake

A

Answer: A, B, C, E

Pathophysiology (24 decks)

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