Exam 3 Review Flashcards
The nurse is collecting data from a client. Which symptom described by the client is characteristic of a symptom of benign prostatic hyperplasia?
A. Increased force of stream
B. Constipation
C. Flank pain
D. Weak urinary stream
Answer: D
The nurse is reviewing a client’s record and notes that the primary health care provider has documented that the client has chronic kidney disease. On review of the laboratory results, the nurse most likely would expect to note which finding?
A. Elevated creatinine level
B. Increased hemoglobin level
C. Elevated red blood cell count
D. Increased number of white blood cells in the urine
Answer: A
What labs would you expect to see with fluid volume deficit related to dehydration? SATA
A. H/H: Increased
B. BUN: Decreased
C. Creatinine: Increased
D. Specific Gravity: Increased
Answer: A, D
What would you expect to see in a patient with fluid volume deficit? SATA
A. Decreased skin turgor
B. Tachycardia
C. Increased BP
D. Weight Gain
E. Moist, pink mucous membranes
Answer: A,B
A client with a sodium level of 125 might display which clinical manifestations? SATA
A. Muscle cramps
B. Thirst
C. Headaches
D. Seizures
E. Dry mucous membranes
Answer: A,C,D
What CM might you see in a patient with a sodium level of 155? SATA
A. Diarrhea
B. Thirst
C. Dry mucous membranes
D. Decreased reflexes
E. Headache
Answer: B,C,D,E
A patient presents to the ED with altered mental status. As the nurse, what lab would you suspect and what is a priority precaution? SATA
A. Potassium 5.8
B. Sodium 117
C. Place patient on a telemetry monitor
D. Initiate seizure precautions
Answer: B, D
What is your major concern with a patient whose calcium levels are 19?
A. Seizure
B. Muscle cramps
C. Cardiac Arrest
D. Nausea
Answer: C
On morning assessment of your patient who has severe burns. You notice that fluid is starting to accumulate in his abdomen. You note that his weight has not changed and his intake and output is equal. What do you suspect?
A. Third spacing
B. This is normal and expected after a burn and it is benign
C. Document this finding as non-pitting abdominal edema.
Answer: A
Rationale: Third-spacing is the accumulation of trapped extracellular fluid in a body space
Where is most fluid lost (biggest player for fluid output)?
A. Kidneys
B. Liver
C. GI
D. Emesis
Answer: A
Where is the fluid accumulation happening when a pt is experiencing peripheral edema?
A. Within the blood vessels
B. Interstitial spaces
C. Within body cavities
D. Inside the cells
Answer: B
Third spacing?
What is the most common cause of third spacing?
A. Excessive fluid
B. Low sodium
C. Hypoalbuminemia
D. Low potassium
Answer: C
What is the most effective treatment for third spacing?
A. Albumin infusions
B. Hypertonic fluid infusions
C. Paracentesis
D. Hypotonic fluid infusions
Answer: A
If you notice a distended neck vein in a pt receiving IV fluids what would be your concern?
A. Hypovolemia
B. Hypervolemia
C. Dehydration
D. Hyponatremia
Answer: B
Examples of pre renal injury causes
HYPOVOLEMIA
hemorrhage, dehydration, Shock states
Examples of intra renal kidney injury causes
Damage to renal structures
Glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, sepsis, nephrotoxic medications, lactic acid, etc
Examples of post renal kidney injury causes
Stones, BPH, tumor
How do we expect our creatinine lab to alter during the recovery phase of acute tubular necrosis?
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Stay the same
Answer: B
Remember that creatinine is a waste produced by the kidneys that is usually excreted in the urine. Once diuresis resumes, serum levels will drop.
As the calcium levels drop in response to elevated phosphorus, what do we expect to see with PTH levels?
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Stay the same
Answer: A
Slide 27 and slide 30
What is the primary purpose of the nurse’s initial Neurological evaluation?
A. To determine all deficits
B. To diagnose the patient as quickly as possible
C. To obtain a baseline
D. To gather information to chart
Answer: C
Your patient presents with an abnormal breathing pattern that is becoming progressively deeper and faster with frequent periods of apnea. What do you suspect from this assessment?
A. Minor Brain Damage
B. Severe Brain Injury
C. Brain Death
D. Concussion
Answer: B
Rationale: This is Cheyne Stokes Breathing and is a sign of progressive respiratory failure due to brain injury
After a bad fall your patient presents with periorbital ecchymosis and otorrhea. What do you suspect?
A. Concussion
B. Subdural Hematoma
C. Basilar Skull Fracture
D. Epidural Hematoma
Answer: C
The clonic phase of a seizure is characterized by
A. Loss of consciousness
B. Rhythmic, bilateral contraction & relaxation of extremities
C. Period of confusion and lethargy
D. Sharp tonic contractions of muscles
Answer: B
Your pt presents with ptosis and dysphagia that worsen throughout the day. Which neurological disorder do you suspect?
A. Myasthenia Gravis
B. Multiple Sclerosis
C. ALS
D. Parkinson’s Disease
Answer: A
How would this information alter how you, as the nurse, provide care?
