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Pathophysiology > Fluid and Electrolyte Content > Flashcards

Fluid and Electrolyte Content Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following are true regarding Albumin? SATA
A. It keeps fluid in the vascular space
B. It keeps fluid in the extracellular space
C. It is a protein
D. It is an electrolyte

A

Answer: A,C

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2
Q

Who is at the greatest risk for fluid deficits? SATA

A. Adult
B. Older Child
C. Infants
D. Older Adults

A

Answer: C, D

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3
Q

What is a normal output for a patient (daily)?

A. 4L-6L
B. 1500mL-3500mL
C. 30mL-50mL
D. 150mL-300mL

A

Answer: B

Daily intake and output should be pretty close

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4
Q

Where is most fluid lost (biggest player for fluid output)?

A. Kidneys
B. Liver
C. GI
D. Emesis

A

Answer: A

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5
Q

Where is most of our body water stored?

A. Intracellular space
B. Extracellular space

A

Answer: A

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6
Q

Which electrolyte is found in large amounts extracellularly?

A. Magnesium
B. Potassium
C. Sodium
D. Phosphorus

A

Answer: C

What is seen in large amounts intracellularly?

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7
Q

Define diffusion

A

Molecules moving from an area of HIGHER concentration to on of LOWER concentration

Goal: Equilibrium

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8
Q

Define osmosis

A

Movement of WATER across a semipermeable membrane

From LOW concentration to HIGH concentration

Goal: Equilibrium

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9
Q

Define Osmolarity

A

The CONCENTRATION of a solution
(particles vs water)

Serum - Blood
Urine - Kidney function

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10
Q

How will an isotonic solution affect cell size?

A. Cell will swell
B. Cell will shrink
C. No change in cell size

A

Answer: C

Same osmolarity as plasma (0.9% NS)

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11
Q

How will a hypertonic solution affect cell size?

A. Cell will swell
B. Cell will shrink
C. No change in cell size

A

Answer: B

Higher osmolality compared to blood

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12
Q

How will a hypotonic solution affect cell size?

A. Cell will swell
B. Cell will shrink
C. No change in cell size

A

Answer: A

Lower osmolarity compared to blood

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13
Q

Where is the fluid accumulation happening when a pt is experiencing peripheral edema?

A. Within the blood vessels
B. Interstitial spaces
C. Within body cavities
D. Inside the cells

A

Answer: B

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14
Q

What are possible causes of edema? SATA

A. Decreased volume in the vascular space
B. Decreased protein in the blood
C. Decreased permeability of capillaries
D. Obstruction in lymph nodes

A

Answer: B, D

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15
Q

If you see a shift if fluid from the vasculature to body cavities how would you most accurately define that?

A. Edema
B. Fluid Deficit
C. Third Spacing
D. Fluid Volume Excess

A

Answer: C

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16
Q

What is the most common cause of third spacing?

A. Excessive fluid
B. Low sodium
C. Hypoalbuminemia
D. Low potassium

A

Answer: C

17
Q

What are common causes of hypoalbuminemia? SATA

A. CHF
B. Liver Failure
C. Burns
D. Bowel Obstruction

A

Answer: B,C

18
Q

What is the most effective treatment for third spacing?

A. Albumin infusions
B. Hypertonic fluid infusions
C. Paracentesis
D. Hypotonic fluid infusions

A

Answer: A

19
Q

What is the most important regulator of fluid intake

A. Low BP
B. Hunger mechanism
C. Thirst mechanism
D. Fluid balance

A

Answer: C

20
Q

What signals and regulates the thirst mechanism? SATA

A. Hypothalamus
B. Pituitary Gland
C. ECF is hypertonic
D. ECF is hypotonic

A

Answer: A, C

21
Q

What is the function of ADH? SATA

A. Signal the Kidneys to retain water
B. Signal the Kidneys to excrete water
C. Increase Serum Osmolarity
D. Decrease Serum Osmolarity

A

Answer: A, D

22
Q

What is your concern with a patient who is experiencing dehydration due to diarrhea?

A. Water loss
B. Electrolyte
C. Fluid volume excess
D. Water and electrolyte loss

A

Answer: D

23
Q

If you notice a distended neck vein in a pt receiving IV fluids what would be your concern?

A. Hypovolemia
B. Hypervolemia
C. Dehydration
D. Hyponatremia

A

Answer: B

24
Q

Which of the following would be an inappropriate order for a patient with acute HF exacerbation?

A. Diuretics (Medication to decrease fluid volume)
B. Low sodium diet
C. Isotonic IV fluids

A

Answer: C

25
Q

How does third spacing affect BP?

A. Increase BP
B. Decrease BP
C. No affect on BP

A

Answer: B

Rationale: Decreased fluid in the vascular space = lower BP

Pathophysiology (24 decks)

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