Fluid and Electrolyte Content Flashcards
Which of the following are true regarding Albumin? SATA
A. It keeps fluid in the vascular space
B. It keeps fluid in the extracellular space
C. It is a protein
D. It is an electrolyte
Answer: A,C
Who is at the greatest risk for fluid deficits? SATA
A. Adult
B. Older Child
C. Infants
D. Older Adults
Answer: C, D
What is a normal output for a patient (daily)?
A. 4L-6L
B. 1500mL-3500mL
C. 30mL-50mL
D. 150mL-300mL
Answer: B
Daily intake and output should be pretty close
Where is most fluid lost (biggest player for fluid output)?
A. Kidneys
B. Liver
C. GI
D. Emesis
Answer: A
Where is most of our body water stored?
A. Intracellular space
B. Extracellular space
Answer: A
Which electrolyte is found in large amounts extracellularly?
A. Magnesium
B. Potassium
C. Sodium
D. Phosphorus
Answer: C
What is seen in large amounts intracellularly?
Define diffusion
Molecules moving from an area of HIGHER concentration to on of LOWER concentration
Goal: Equilibrium
Define osmosis
Movement of WATER across a semipermeable membrane
From LOW concentration to HIGH concentration
Goal: Equilibrium
Define Osmolarity
The CONCENTRATION of a solution
(particles vs water)
Serum - Blood
Urine - Kidney function
How will an isotonic solution affect cell size?
A. Cell will swell
B. Cell will shrink
C. No change in cell size
Answer: C
Same osmolarity as plasma (0.9% NS)
How will a hypertonic solution affect cell size?
A. Cell will swell
B. Cell will shrink
C. No change in cell size
Answer: B
Higher osmolality compared to blood
How will a hypotonic solution affect cell size?
A. Cell will swell
B. Cell will shrink
C. No change in cell size
Answer: A
Lower osmolarity compared to blood
Where is the fluid accumulation happening when a pt is experiencing peripheral edema?
A. Within the blood vessels
B. Interstitial spaces
C. Within body cavities
D. Inside the cells
Answer: B
What are possible causes of edema? SATA
A. Decreased volume in the vascular space
B. Decreased protein in the blood
C. Decreased permeability of capillaries
D. Obstruction in lymph nodes
Answer: B, D
If you see a shift if fluid from the vasculature to body cavities how would you most accurately define that?
A. Edema
B. Fluid Deficit
C. Third Spacing
D. Fluid Volume Excess
Answer: C
What is the most common cause of third spacing?
A. Excessive fluid
B. Low sodium
C. Hypoalbuminemia
D. Low potassium
Answer: C
What are common causes of hypoalbuminemia? SATA
A. CHF
B. Liver Failure
C. Burns
D. Bowel Obstruction
Answer: B,C
What is the most effective treatment for third spacing?
A. Albumin infusions
B. Hypertonic fluid infusions
C. Paracentesis
D. Hypotonic fluid infusions
Answer: A
What is the most important regulator of fluid intake
A. Low BP
B. Hunger mechanism
C. Thirst mechanism
D. Fluid balance
Answer: C
What signals and regulates the thirst mechanism? SATA
A. Hypothalamus
B. Pituitary Gland
C. ECF is hypertonic
D. ECF is hypotonic
Answer: A, C
What is the function of ADH? SATA
A. Signal the Kidneys to retain water
B. Signal the Kidneys to excrete water
C. Increase Serum Osmolarity
D. Decrease Serum Osmolarity
Answer: A, D
What is your concern with a patient who is experiencing dehydration due to diarrhea?
A. Water loss
B. Electrolyte
C. Fluid volume excess
D. Water and electrolyte loss
Answer: D
If you notice a distended neck vein in a pt receiving IV fluids what would be your concern?
A. Hypovolemia
B. Hypervolemia
C. Dehydration
D. Hyponatremia
Answer: B
Which of the following would be an inappropriate order for a patient with acute HF exacerbation?
A. Diuretics (Medication to decrease fluid volume)
B. Low sodium diet
C. Isotonic IV fluids
Answer: C
How does third spacing affect BP?
A. Increase BP
B. Decrease BP
C. No affect on BP
Answer: B
Rationale: Decreased fluid in the vascular space = lower BP
