Vascular Disease Pathology

Question 1

2 Forms of Arteriosclerosis (& apperance)

Answer 1

Hyaline arteriosclerosis (benign hypertension), pink hyaline ring around vessel
Hyperplastic Arteriosclerosis (malignant HTN), onion skin around vessel bc involves basement membrane

Question 2

2 Kinds of Aneurysms

Answer 2

True Aneurysm: intarct attenuated arterial/ventricular wall
False Aneurysm: defect in vascular wall leading to extravascular hematoma that freely communicates w/ intravascular space

Question 3

2 Shapes of Aneurysms and Major Point

Answer 3

Saccular/Berry - balloon style, all walls enlarged

Fusiform: one side of vessel enlarged

Question 4

Lines of Zahn

Answer 4

Diff substances in thrombus building up in aneurysm

Question 5

2 Main Predisposing Conditions for Aneurysm

Answer 5

Athersclerosis

HTN

Question 6

3 Pathogenic Mechs of Aneurysms

Answer 6

Defect in connective tissue of vascular wall (Marfan’s, Ehlors-Danlos)
Increased collagen degradation
Cystic medial degeneration - ischemic/deg changes resulting in loss of SM and elastic fibers w/ scarring and shit

Question 7

Leading Cause of AAA vs. TAA

Answer 7

Artherosclerosis (degeneration of media) vs. HTN

Question 8

Frequent Association w/ AAA

Answer 8

Mural thrombus

Question 9

Syphilitic Aneurysms (3)

Answer 9

Almost always thoracic, ascending and transverse parts
Endarteritis of vasa vasorum, causing ischemic destruction of media
Stellate scars develop in media causing wrinkling - tree barking

Question 10

Aortic Dissection (what it is and origin)

Answer 10

Blood splays apart laminar lanes of media forming a blood filled channel w/in aortic wall. Originiate w/ intima tears

Question 11

Classifications of Aortic Dissections (2.3)

Answer 11

Type A - involves asc aorta. DeBakey I - only ascending, Debakey II - both asc and desc
Type B - does not involve asc aorta. DeBakey III - only desc

Question 12

Aortic Dissection Clinical Presentation

Answer 12

Sudden onset of excruciating pain beginning in chest, radiating to back and moving downward as dissection progresses

Question 13

Diagnosis for Immunologic Vasculitis

Answer 13

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs), can be c-ANCA or p-ANCA

Question 14

Most Common AI Vasculitis

Answer 14

Temporal/Giant Cell Arteritis. Affects temporal region

Question 15

Phlebothrombosis vs. Thrombophlebitis

Answer 15

Thrombosis of veins vs. Inflammation of veins

Question 16

Lymphangitis Most Common Cause

Answer 16

GAS

Question 17

Peau d’orange

Answer 17

Swelling of breast when lymphatics blocked by tumor emboli