Embryo

Question 1

Primary Heart Field

Answer 1

Cells initially moving out of primitive streak. Form proximal, venous side of tube

Question 2

Secondary Heart Field

Answer 2

Forms distal, arterial part of tube

Question 3

Weeks 2, 3 and 4

Answer 3

2: 2 tubes
3: Tubes fused, form different general parts
4: Folding of heart

Question 4

4 Parts of Tube (& part(s) that lead into it)

Answer 4

(Sinus venosus lead into->)
Primordial atrium
Ventricle
Bulbus cordis
Truncus arteriosus

Question 5

Looping

Answer 5

Dextrofolding of heart, bends to R side in week 4

Question 6

Weeks 4-7

Answer 6

Septation

Question 7

2 Ostium and Septum

Answer 7

Ostium Primus first forms b/w 2 A, then covered by septum primum. Little holes join to form ostium secundum which will be partially covered by septum secundum to form oval foramen (septum secundum overlaps primum)

Question 8

Holt Oram Syndrome

Answer 8

ASD and upper limb defects from Tbx5 gene mut

Question 9

Double Inlet LV

Answer 9

When AV canal doesn’t move to the R, so both AV valves open into LV

Question 10

Why Have 3 and 2 Cusps for AV valves

Answer 10

AV canal originally has 5 leaflets, cushions come down and separate into 3 and 2

Question 11

3 Components of Interventricular Septum (& remainder)

Answer 11

Muscular/trabecular ventricular septum
Outlet Septum (Conotruncal)
Inlet Septum (from endocardial cushions)
5% remaining is membranous septum where all 3 portions meet near base, can be a VSD here

Question 12

Double Outlet RV

Answer 12

Conotruncal septum doesn’t really form well so both A and P outflows from RV

Question 13

Spiral Septum

Answer 13

Truncus sweelings twist around to form 2 duh (Right is Right in front and L is left behind)

Question 14

3 Pharyngeal Arches Important for Heart

Answer 14

3 - 4 - 6 (pause) Ronak likes to suck - dicks. Hope that helps :)