Lipid/Lipoprotein Disorders

Question 1

Dietary/Exogenous Pathway

Answer 1

Chylomicrons carry shit around, become chylomicron remnants and go to liver

Question 2

Chylomicron 4 Apo Proteins

Answer 2

ApoB48, and chylomicrons also have ApoC II and III, and then chylomicron remnants get ApoE which targets them to liver

Question 3

Chylomicron composition

Answer 3

A lot of TGs, some cholesterol

Question 4

Endogenous Pathway

Answer 4

Liver sends out VLDL, which becomes IDL, which gets ApoE so its targeted back to liver (or becomes LDL)

Question 5

Endogenous Pathway Apo Prot(s)

Answer 5

Has B100, but also has CII and III, and gets ApoE to target to liver

Question 6

LDL Composition

Answer 6

Lotta cholesterol comparatively

Question 7

Best Estimate of Artherosclerotic Risk

Answer 7

Non-HDL cholesterol

Question 8

Change in Fats After Eating

Answer 8

Not huge increase in cholesterol - increase in chylomics, which are mainly TGs so that’s what spikes after meal

Question 9

Size of Particles w/in a Subclass Importance

Answer 9

Smaller particles in a subclass associated w/ increased risk of CV disease

Question 10

Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Answer 10

AD mut of B or E or R, inhibiting LDL clearance and presenting at birth

Question 11

3 Visual Signs of Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Answer 11

Corneal Arcus
Thickened tendons, especially achilles
Xanthoma - cholesterol deposition often around eyes

Question 12

High Cholesterol Diet Effect

Answer 12

Raises LDL levels by downreg’ing B/E Rs on Liver

Question 13

3.5 Causes of Increased LDL Production

Answer 13

Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia
Acquired - obesity, nephrotic syndrome
Drugs - thiazides, corticosteroids, progestogens

Question 14

Hypertriglyceridemia

Answer 14

Lipoprotein Lipase deficiency, enzyme that removes chylomicrons more effectively than it does VLDL. So mild deficiency is just VLDL accumulation, but severe can cause hyperchylomicronemia

Question 15

4 Signs of Hyperchylomicronemia (3 visual, 1 clinical condition)

Answer 15

Milky serum
Lipemic pattern in eye (retinal vessels)
Eruptive Xanthomas
Acute pancreatitis

Question 16

Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia

Answer 16

Overproduction of B100 containing particles, so you get lotsa small VLDLs from the liver which become a lot of small LDL

Question 17

Familial Hypertriglyceridemia

Answer 17

Increased production of VLDL-TG (normal numbers of VLDL particles), but not LDL because not ApoB increase in production

Question 18

Direct Pathway of HDL Cholesterol Transport

Answer 18

Packaged into HDL3 which then turns into HDL2 to dump its shit into liver

Question 19

Indirect Pathway of HDL

Answer 19

HDL3 gives cholesterol to VLDL/LDL and receives TG from them

Question 20

Dislipidemic/Lipid Triad

Answer 20

High TGs and Low HDL are a common combination, and always present w/ increased small, dense LDL

Question 21

Lp(a)

Answer 21

LDL + Apolipoprotein A which is kinda like a shitty plasminogen protein which doesn’t work but causes a lot more disease or something