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The One Deck To Rule Them All > Vascular > Flashcards

Vascular Flashcards

1
Q

Vessel used in CABG

A

Long “great” saphenous vein

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2
Q

Incompetent venous valves allowing reflux of blood

A

Varicose veins

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3
Q

Common varicose veins vessels

A

Long saphenous vein

Small saphenous vein

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4
Q

Risk factors for varicose veins

A

Age
Female
Obesity
Pregnancy (compression of pelvic veins)

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5
Q

Complications of varicose veins

A

Varicose eczema
Haemosiderin deposition (hyperpigmentation)
Lipodermatosclerosis
Atrophie blanche (hypo pigmentation)

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6
Q

Management of mild-moderate varicose veins

A

Compression stockings
Weight loss
Leg elevation

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7
Q

Management of severe varicose veins

A

Endothelial ablation

Foam sclerotherapy

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8
Q

Aortic dissection = anterior chest pain

A

Anterior AD (Type A) - 66%

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9
Q

Aortic dissection = back pain

A

Descending AD (Type B) - 33%

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10
Q

Management of Anterior aortic dissection

A

Surgery + BP control

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11
Q

Management of Posterior aortic dissection

A

IV Labetalol

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12
Q

Investigations for aortic dissection

A

CT Angiography: false lumen
CXR: widening of aorta
Transoesophageal echo

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13
Q

Aortic dissection with lucid period before death

A

Temporary haematoma

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14
Q

Aortic dissections occur distal to

A

ligamentum arteriosum

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15
Q

Classification index for Aortic dissection

A

Debakey classification

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16
Q

Abdo pain
Pulsatile + expansile abdo mass
Back pain
Haemodynamic instability

A

Abdominal Aortic Anneurysm (AAA)

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17
Q

Risk factors for AAA

A 
Smoking
HTN 
Syphilis
Marfans
Ehler Danlos 
Connective tissue diseases
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18
Q

AAA screening

A

Single US scan at 65

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19
Q

Normal AAA at screening

A

< 3cm

No need to re-scan

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20
Q

Small AAA at screening

A

3 - 4.4cm

Re-scan every 12 months

21
Q

Medium AAA at screening

A

4.5 - 5.4 cm

Re-scan every 3 months

22
Q

Large AAA at screening

A

> 5.5 cm

Re-scan every 2 weeks

23
Q

Increased AAA rupture risk if

A

> 1cm enlargement in a year

24
Q

Management of AAA

A

Elective endovascular repair (EVAR)

- via femoral artery

25
Q

ABPI < 0.5

A

Severe peripheral arterial disease

26
Q

ABPI < 1

A

Peripheral arterial disease

27
Q

ABPI 1 - 1.2

A

Normal

28
Q

ABPI > 1.2

A

Calcification of vessels

- common in diabetes

29
Q

Deposition of RBC + WBC into tissue due to back-log of venous pressure from:

  • venous HTN
  • chronic venous insufficiency
A

Venous ulcers

30
Q

Oedematous leg (due to WBC)
Brown pigmentation (due to RBC)
Lipodermatosclerosis
Eczema

A

Venous ulcers

31
Q

Location of venous ulcers

A

Above ankle = painless

superficial

32
Q

Management for venous ulcers

A 
Compression banding (4 x layer)
Skin grafting
33
Q

Cold leg
No pulses
Painful lesion

A

Arterial ulcers

34
Q

Location of arterial ulcers

A

Toes + heel = painful

35
Q

Investigations for venous ulcer

A

Doppler US to look for reflux and veins

36
Q

Investigations for arterial ulcer

A

Doppler US

MR Angiography

37
Q

Complications of arterial ulcers

A

Gangrene

38
Q

Intermittent claudication (pain in posterior legs when walking) is an indicator of

A

Peripheral arterial disease

39
Q

Risk factors of peripheral arterial disease

A

Smoking
HTN
Diabetes
Obesity

40
Q

Management of peripheral arterial disease

A

Exercise
Statins
Clopidogrel

Surgery

  • angioplasty
  • stenting
  • bypass
  • amputation
41
Q

Complications of peripheral arterial disease

A

Arterial ulcers

Acute limb-threatening ischaemia

42
Q

6Ps of Acute limb threatening ischaemia

A 
Pale
Perishingly cold
Pulseless 
Painful
Paralysed
Paraesthetic
43
Q

Inflammation + thrombosis of superficial veins

A

Superficial thrombophlebitis

44
Q

Risk of superficial thrombophlebitis

A

20% have underlying DVT
4% will progress to DVT
The longer the vein the increased risk of DVT

45
Q

Management of superficial thrombophlebitis

A

NSAIDs
Topical heparinoids
Compression stockings
LMWH

46
Q

Ulcers formed due to pressure and/or diabetes

A

Neuropathic ulcers (plantar surface)

47
Q

Management of neuropathic ulcers

A

Cushioned shoes

Amputation

48
Q

Ulcers that appear at sites of chronic inflammation in the lower limb (burns, osteomyelitis)
Associated with SCC

A

Marjolin’s ulcer

mixed atriovenous ulcers

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