Clinical Signs Flashcards
Involuntary extension of the “paralysed” leg occurs when flexing the contralateral leg against resistance
Hoovers’ sign
positive = non-organic paresis
Raise arms above head to exacerbate Superior Vena Cava Obstruction symptoms
Pemberton’s sign
= positive is symptoms are worsened
Carpal spasm when taking BP
- seen in hypocalcaemia
Trousseau’s sign
Tapping on facial nerve anterior to the ear induces twitching of the facial muscles due to hyper-excitability
- seen in hypocalcaemia
Chvostek’s sign
Enlarged Virchow’s node in the left supraclavicular fossa
Troisier’s sign
- upper GI malignancy
Air present on both sides of the intestine on XR indicating pneumoperitoneum
Rigler’s sign
indicating pneumoperitoneum
Periumbilical bruising
Cullen’s sign
associated with pancreatitis
RUQ pain on inspiration when gall bladder is palpated
Murphy’s sign
- positive in acute cholecystitis
Palpable nodule at the umbilicus
Sister Joseph’s nodule
- associated with intra-abdominal neoplastic disease
Irregular/ decreased RR (cheyre-strokes)
Bradycardia
HTN
Wide pulse pressure
Cushing’s triad
- seen in increased ICP
- pre-terminal event
Axillary freckling in Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Crowe’s sign
Clinician has the patient extend their neck and turn their head to the side that is being tested. The patient then holds their breath and the radial pulse is palpated.
Tests for thoracic outlet syndrome
Adson’s test
- Positive if no pulse/ change in pulse
An involuntary flexion movement of the thumb and or index finger when the examiner flicks the fingernail of the middle finger down. The reflexive pathway causes the thumb to flex and adduct quickly
Tests for Degenerative Cervical myelopathy
Hoffman’s sign
Balance with eyes closed
Test for proprioception
Romberg’s test
Vision becomes worse with increased body temperature
Seen in MS
Uhthoff’s phenomenon
Paraesthesia on neck flexion
- due to dorsal column disease of cervical cord
- seen in MS
Lhermitte’s sign
RUQ pain
Jaundice
Fever
Charcot’s triad
- seen in Acute Cholangitis
Neonatal heal-prick test
checks for 9 inherited diseases
- CF
- Sickle cell
- congenital hypothyroidism
- Phenylketonuria (PKU)
- Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD)
- Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD)
- Isovaleric academia (IVA)
- Glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA 1)
- Homocystinuria (pyridoxine unresponsive) (HCU)
Guthrie test
512hz fork placed on mastoid bone
Positive: Air conduction > Bone conduction
Negative: Bone conduction > Air conduction
Rinne’s tests
Positive: Normal/sensorineural hearing loss
Negative: Conduction hearing loss
512hz fork placed on forehead
Weber’s test
no localisation: Normal /equal bilateral loss
localises to affected: conduction hearing loss
localises to non-affected: sensorineural hearing loss
Used to test for BPPV
Dix-hallpike test
Used to manage BPPV
Epley manœuvre
Asthma
Aspirin sensitivity
Nasal polyps
Samter’s triad
A test used to test the presence of assess aqueous humor leakage from anterior chamber of the eye from a corneal injury
- used fluorescein
Seidel’s test
vesicles on tip of nose indicating herpes zoster opthalmicus
Hutchinson’s sign
Test for relative afferent pupillary defect
- damage to afferent pathway of one eye then the pupil of the affected eye will abnormally dilate when light is shone into it
Swinging light test
Bilateral destruction of medial tibial metaphases
- congenital syphilis
Wimberger sign
Uses arms to stand up from squat position
- Seen in Duchenne’s + Becker’s muscular dystrophy
Gower’s sign
attempt to dislocate articulated femoral head in DDH
Barlow test
attempt to relocate a dislocated femoral head in DDH
Ortolani test
