Cranial Nerves + Palsies Flashcards
1
Q
Mnemonic for sensory or motor nerves
A
I. Some II. Say III. Marry IV. Money V. But VI. My VII. Brother VIII. Says IX. Big X. Brains XI. Matter XII. Most
S = Sensory M = Motor B = Both
2
Q
CN I
A
Olfactory
3
Q
CN II
A
Optic
4
Q
CN III
A
Oculomotor
5
Q
CN IV
A
Trochlear
6
Q
CN V
A
Trigeminal
7
Q
CN VI
A
Abducens
8
Q
CN VII
A
Facial
9
Q
CN VIII
A
Vestibulocochlear
10
Q
CN IX
A
Glossopharyngeal
11
Q
CN X
A
Vagus
12
Q
CN XI
A
Accessory
13
Q
CN XII
A
Hypoglossal
14
Q
Function of CN I
A
Smell
15
Q
Function of CN II
A
Sight
16
Q
Function of CN III
A
Pupil constriction Accommodation Eyelid opening Eye movement: - Medial rectus (inward) - Superior rectus (upward) - Inferior recuts (downward) - Inferior oblique (up and out)
17
Q
Function of CN IV
A
Eye movement:
- Superior Oblique (down + out)
18
Q
Function of CN V
A
Fascial sensation
Mastication
19
Q
CN V1
A
Ophthalmic
20
Q
CN V2
A
Maxillary
21
Q
CN V3
A
Mandibular
22
Q
Function of CN VI
A
Eye movement:
- Lateral rectus (outward)
23
Q
Mnemonic for Eye muscle nerve innervation
A
LR6 SO4 AO3
Lateral rectus = CN VI
Superior oblique = CN IV
All others = CN III
24
Q
Function of CN VII
A
Facial movement
Taste (Anterior 2/3rd of tongue)
Lacrimation
Salivation
25
Function of CN VIII
Hearing
| Balance
26
Function of CN IX
Taste (Posterior 1/3rd of tongue)
Salivation
Swallowing
Mediates input from carotid body + sinus
27
Function of CN X
Phonation
Swallowing
Innervates viscera
28
Function of CN XI
Head and shoulder movement
29
Function of CN XII
Tongue movement
30
Pathway of CN I
Cribiform plate
31
Pathway of CN II
Optic canal
32
Pathway of CN III
Superior orbital fissure (SOF)
33
Pathway of CN IV
Superior orbital fissure (SOF)
34
Pathway of CN V1
Superior orbital fissure (SOF)
35
Pathway of CN V2
Foramen rotundum
| - rotates under the eyes
36
Pathway of CN V3
Foramen ovale
| - mouth is an oval
37
Pathway of CN VI
Superior orbital fissure (SOF)
38
Pathway of CN VII
Internal auditory meatus
| - smile when you hear "auditory music"
39
All nerves to do with the eye apart from CN II have a pathway through the
Superior orbital fissure (SOF)
40
Pathway of CN VIII
Internal auditory meatus
| - need to hear "auditory music"
41
Pathway of CN IX
Jugular foramen
| - jug of water to swallow
42
Pathway of CN X
Jugular foramen
| - jug of water to swallow
43
Pathway of CN XI
Jugular foramen
| - head back to swallow water from jug
44
Pathway of CN XII
Hypoglossal canal
| - tongue = "glossal"
45
Ptosis
Dilated + fixed pupil
Down + out eye
Third nerve (CN III) palsy
- can be secondary to tectorial herniation
- + pain = posterior communicating artery aneurysm
46
Downward gaze
Vertical diplopia (going downstairs/ reading a book)
May develop a head tilt
Out + out eye
Fourth nerve (CN IV) palsy
47
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Trigeminal neuralgia
Loss of corneal reflex (afferent)
Loss of facial sensation
Paralysis of muscles of mastication
Deviation of jaw to weak side
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Fifth nerve (CN V) palsy
48
Defective abduction
| Horizontal diplopia
Sixth nerve (CN VI) palsy
49
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Flaccid paralysis of upper + lower face
Includes forehead
Loss of corneal reflex (efferent)
Loss of taste
Hyperacusis
Dry eyes
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Facial nerve (CN VII) palsy
"Bell's palsy" = diagnosis of exclusion
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- ages 20-40 most common
- pregnancy is increased risk factor
50
Hearing loss
Vertigo
Nystagmus
Problem with CN VIII
51
Hypersensitive carotid sinus reflex
| Loss of gag reflex (afferent)
Problem with CN IX
52
Uvula deviates away from site of lesion
- "points away" as further away in mouth
Loss of gag reflex (efferent)
Problem with Vagus nerve (CN X)
53
Weakness turning head to contralateral side
Problem with CN XI
54
Tongue deviates towards side of lesion
| - points "towards"
Problem with CN XII
55
Corneal reflex
Afferent: CN V1 (Ophthalmic)
Efferent: CN VII (Facial)
56
Jaw jerk reflex
Afferent: CN V3 (Mandibular)
Efferent: CN V3 (Mandibular)
57
Gag reflex
Afferent: CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)
Efferent: CN X (Vagus)
58
Carotid sinus reflex
Afferent: CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)
Efferent: CN X (Vagus)
59
Pupillary light reflex
Afferent: CN II (Optic)
Efferent: CN III (Oculomotor)
60
Lacrimation reflex
Afferent: CN V1 (Ophthalmic)
Efferent: Facial nerve (CN VII)
61
Accessory nerve (CN XI) supplies
Sternocleidomastoid
| Trapezius
62
CN III enervates AO eye muscles +
Levator palpebrae superioris
63
Third nerve palsy + pain + meningism =
Posterior communicating artery aneurysm
64
Management for Bell's palsy (CN VII palsy)
1. Prednisolone
Eye-lubricants, artificial tears
Tape eye shut
Severe: Anti-virals
65
Bell's palsy
+ Post-auricular pain
+ vesicular rash around ear / hard palate/ anterior tongue
Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome
66
Cause of Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome
Varicella zoster virus (VZV)
67
Bells palsy is caused by a
LMN lesion
68
Facial palsy
+ Forehead sparing
+ Eye is able to close
UMN lesion
69
Innervation of chorda tympani (branch of facial nerve)
Supplies submandibular + sublingual gland (secretion)
| Supplies anterior 2/3 tongue (sensory)
70
Management of Third Nerve palsy
Craniotomy
