Decongestants - Phenylephrine - Oxymetazoline

Non-repolarising muscle relaxant - Atracurium - Vecuronium

Used in parkinson's - Ropinirole Used for prolactinoma - Bromocriptine - Cabergoline

Antipsychotics - Haloperidol Anti-emetics - Metoclopramide - Domperidone

Drugs: General Flashcards by Sam Donnelly

Alpha 1 agonists

Decongestants

Phenylephrine
Oxymetazoline

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Alpha 2 agonists

Used for glaucoma

- Brimonidine

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Alpha Antagonists

Used for BPH
- Tamulosin

Used for HTN/ BPH
- Doxazosin

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Alpha + Beta Antagonists

“different vowel + LOL”

Used for HTN

Labetalol
Carvedilol

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Beta 1 agonists

Inotrope

- Dobutamine

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Beta 2 agonists

Bronchodilators

- Salbutamol

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Beta 1 antagonists

“OLOL”

Heart specific BetaBlockers: “A-M”

Atenolol
Bisoprolol
Metoprolol

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Beta 2 antagonists

“OLOL”

Non-specific Beta blockers: “N-Z”

Nadolol
Propranolol
Timolol

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All beta blockers should be avoided in

asthma/COPD as they can trigger bronchospasm

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Histamine 1 antagonists

Antihistamines

- Loratadine

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Histamine 2 antagonists

Antacids

- Ranitidine

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Muscarinic agonists

Used in glaucoma

- Pilocarpine

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Muscarinic antagonists

Used in bradycardia
- Atropine

Bronchodilators

Ipratropium
Bromide
Tiotropium

For urge incontinence
- Oxybutynin

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Nicotinic agonists

Used for smoking cessation
- Nicotine varenicliine

Depolarising muscle relaxant
- Suxamethonium

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Nicotinic Antagonist

Non-repolarising muscle relaxant

Atracurium
Vecuronium

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GABA Agonists

Benzodiazipines

- Baclofen

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GABA Antagonist

Flumenazil (reverses benzodiazepines effects)

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Serotonin agonist

Triptans

- Zolmitriptan

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Serotonin antagonist

Anti-emetics

- Ondansetron

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Oxytocin agonist

Used in inducing labour

- Syntocinon

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Oxytocin antagonist

Used in delaying labour (tololysis)

- Atosiban

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Dopamine agonists

Used in parkinson’s
- Ropinirole

Used for prolactinoma

Bromocriptine
Cabergoline

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Dopamine antagonists

Antipsychotics
- Haloperidol

Anti-emetics

Metoclopramide
Domperidone

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Example of TNF alpha inhibitor

Etanercept

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Risk of TNF alpha inhibitor

Can reactivate TB

Side effect of hydroxycholoroquine

Bull's eye retinopathy | - permanent visual loss

Methotrexate is contraindicated with

Trimethoprim/ cotrimoxazole as it increases risk of bone marrow aplasia

MoA of suxamethonium

Binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (non-competitive), and induces prolonged depolarisation of skeletal muscles - Not reversible - Fast onset - Short duration of action

Suxamethonium is contraindicated in

- Eye injuries - Glaucoma As it increases intra-ocular pressure - hyperkalaemia - burns - spinal cord trauma

Side effects of suxamethonium

Malignant hyperthermia Hyperkalaemia Fasiculations

Malignant hyperthermia genetics

Autosomal dominant (inherit

Management of malignant hyperthermia

Dantrolene

Side effects of PPIs

Hypomagnesaemia | Osteoporosis

MoA of sildenafil (viagra)

Phosphodiesterase type V inhibitor

Side effects of metoclopramide

Dystonia | Galactorrhea

MoA of Gosrelin

gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist

Side effects of gosrelin

Gynaecomastia

MoA of Methotrexate

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase + thymidylate synthesis

Side effects of methotrexate

Myelosuppression Muscositis Liver fibrosis Lung fibrosis

MoA of 5-Fluorouracil

Pyrimidine analogue inducing cell cycle arrest + apoptosis by blocking thymidylate synthase - works during S phase

Side effects of

Myelosuppression Mucositis Dermatitis

MoA of cisplatin

Causes cross-linking of DNA

Side effects of cisplatin

Ototoxicity Peripheral neuropathy Hypomagnesaemia > seizures

MoA of hydroxyurea

Inhibits ribonucleaotide reductase decreasing DNA synthesis

Side effects of hydroxyurea

Myelosuppression

MoA of Vincristine and Vinblastine

Inhibit formation of microtubules

MoA of Bleomycin

Degrades preformed DNA

Side effects of Bleomycin

Pulmonary fibrosis

MoA of Anthracyclines (Doxorubicin)

Stabilises DNA-topisomerase II complex | Inhibits DNA + RNA synthesis

Side effects of Anthracyclines (Doxorubicin)

Cardiomyopathy | - cardiotoxic

Side effect of vincristine

``` Peripheral neuropathy (reversible) Paralytic ileus ```

MoA of Alkalating agents (Cyclophosphamide)

Causes cross-linking of DNA

Side effects of alkalising agents (cyclophosphamide)

Haemorrhagic cystitis Myelosuppression TCC

Side effects of P450 enzyme inducers

Increase metabolism Decrease INR Decrease effectiveness of some drugs

Side effects of P450 enzyme inhibitors

Increase INR | Increase effectiveness of some drugs

Name P450 enzyme inhibitors

``` Abx - Ciprofloxacin - Erythromycin - Clarithromycin Isoniazid Cimetidine (H2RA) Omeprazole Amiodarone Allopurinol Ketconazole Fluconazole SSRIs - Sertraline - Fluoxetine Ritonavir Sodium valproate Acute alcohol abuse Quinupristin ```

Name P450 enzyme inducers

``` Antiepileptics - phenytoin - carbamazepine Barbituates Griseofulvin (anti-fungal) Rifampicin St John's Wort Chronic Alcoholism Smoking ```

3 drugs used for motion sickness

Hyoscine Cyclizine Promethazine

MoA of Terbafine

Inhibits squalene w-oxidase

Monitoring requirements for terbafine

Before starting: LFTs | 4-6 weeks in: LFTs

1 % of a drug = ?

Example: 1% hydrocortisone = 1g of hydrocortisone dissolved in 100ml

Maximum safe dosage of lignocaine is

3mg/kg

MoA of local anaesthetics

Reversible sodium channel blockers

MoA of Sodium valproate

Increases GABA activity

Side effects of sodium valproate

``` Weight gain + increased appetite Alopecia Ataxia Tremor Teratogenic (contraindicated in young females) Thrombocytopenia Hepatitis Pancreatitis ```

MoA of lamotrigine

Sodium channel blocker

Side effects of lamotrigine

Steven johnson syndrome

MoA of Carbamazepine

Binds to sodium channels, increases the refractory period

Side effects of carbamazepine

``` Ataxia + dizziness Drowsiness Leucopenia Agranulocytosis SIADH Diplopia ```

MoA of Phenytoin

Binds to sodium channels, increases refractory periods

Side effects of phenytoin

``` Ataxia + dizziness Drowsiness Gingival hyperplasia Hirtuism Megaloblastic anaemia Increased Vit D absorption (osteomalacia) Lymphadenopathy ```