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The One Deck To Rule Them All > Drugs: General > Flashcards

Drugs: General Flashcards

1
Q

Alpha 1 agonists

A

Decongestants

  • Phenylephrine
  • Oxymetazoline
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2
Q

Alpha 2 agonists

A

Used for glaucoma

- Brimonidine

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3
Q

Alpha Antagonists

A

Used for BPH
- Tamulosin

Used for HTN/ BPH
- Doxazosin

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4
Q

Alpha + Beta Antagonists

“different vowel + LOL”

A

Used for HTN

  • Labetalol
  • Carvedilol
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5
Q

Beta 1 agonists

A

Inotrope

- Dobutamine

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6
Q

Beta 2 agonists

A

Bronchodilators

- Salbutamol

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7
Q

Beta 1 antagonists

“OLOL”

A

Heart specific BetaBlockers: “A-M”

  • Atenolol
  • Bisoprolol
  • Metoprolol
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8
Q

Beta 2 antagonists

“OLOL”

A

Non-specific Beta blockers: “N-Z”

  • Nadolol
  • Propranolol
  • Timolol
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9
Q

All beta blockers should be avoided in

A

asthma/COPD as they can trigger bronchospasm

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10
Q

Histamine 1 antagonists

A

Antihistamines

- Loratadine

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11
Q

Histamine 2 antagonists

A

Antacids

- Ranitidine

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12
Q

Muscarinic agonists

A

Used in glaucoma

- Pilocarpine

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13
Q

Muscarinic antagonists

A

Used in bradycardia
- Atropine

Bronchodilators

  • Ipratropium
  • Bromide
  • Tiotropium

For urge incontinence
- Oxybutynin

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14
Q

Nicotinic agonists

A

Used for smoking cessation
- Nicotine varenicliine

Depolarising muscle relaxant
- Suxamethonium

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15
Q

Nicotinic Antagonist

A

Non-repolarising muscle relaxant

  • Atracurium
  • Vecuronium
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16
Q

GABA Agonists

A
  • Benzodiazipines

- Baclofen

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17
Q

GABA Antagonist

A

Flumenazil (reverses benzodiazepines effects)

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18
Q

Serotonin agonist

A

Triptans

- Zolmitriptan

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19
Q

Serotonin antagonist

A

Anti-emetics

- Ondansetron

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20
Q

Oxytocin agonist

A

Used in inducing labour

- Syntocinon

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21
Q

Oxytocin antagonist

A

Used in delaying labour (tololysis)

- Atosiban

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22
Q

Dopamine agonists

A

Used in parkinson’s
- Ropinirole

Used for prolactinoma

  • Bromocriptine
  • Cabergoline
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23
Q

Dopamine antagonists

A

Antipsychotics
- Haloperidol

Anti-emetics

  • Metoclopramide
  • Domperidone
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24
Q

Example of TNF alpha inhibitor

A

Etanercept

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25
Q

Risk of TNF alpha inhibitor

A

Can reactivate TB

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26
Q

Side effect of hydroxycholoroquine

A

Bull’s eye retinopathy

- permanent visual loss

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27
Q

Methotrexate is contraindicated with

A

Trimethoprim/ cotrimoxazole as it increases risk of bone marrow aplasia

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28
Q

MoA of suxamethonium

A

Binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (non-competitive), and induces prolonged depolarisation of skeletal muscles

  • Not reversible
  • Fast onset
  • Short duration of action
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29
Q

Suxamethonium is contraindicated in

A
  • Eye injuries
  • Glaucoma
    As it increases intra-ocular pressure
  • hyperkalaemia
  • burns
  • spinal cord trauma
30
Q

Side effects of suxamethonium

A

Malignant hyperthermia
Hyperkalaemia
Fasiculations

31
Q

Malignant hyperthermia genetics

A

Autosomal dominant (inherit

32
Q

Management of malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

33
Q

Side effects of PPIs

A

Hypomagnesaemia

Osteoporosis

34
Q

MoA of sildenafil (viagra)

A

Phosphodiesterase type V inhibitor

35
Q

Side effects of metoclopramide

A

Dystonia

Galactorrhea

36
Q

MoA of Gosrelin

A

gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist

37
Q

Side effects of gosrelin

A

Gynaecomastia

38
Q

MoA of Methotrexate

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase + thymidylate synthesis

39
Q

Side effects of methotrexate

A

Myelosuppression
Muscositis
Liver fibrosis
Lung fibrosis

40
Q

MoA of 5-Fluorouracil

A

Pyrimidine analogue inducing cell cycle arrest + apoptosis by blocking thymidylate synthase
- works during S phase

41
Q

Side effects of

A

Myelosuppression
Mucositis
Dermatitis

42
Q

MoA of cisplatin

A

Causes cross-linking of DNA

43
Q

Side effects of cisplatin

A

Ototoxicity
Peripheral neuropathy
Hypomagnesaemia > seizures

44
Q

MoA of hydroxyurea

A

Inhibits ribonucleaotide reductase decreasing DNA synthesis

45
Q

Side effects of hydroxyurea

A

Myelosuppression

46
Q

MoA of Vincristine and Vinblastine

A

Inhibit formation of microtubules

47
Q

MoA of Bleomycin

A

Degrades preformed DNA

48
Q

Side effects of Bleomycin

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

49
Q

MoA of Anthracyclines (Doxorubicin)

A

Stabilises DNA-topisomerase II complex

Inhibits DNA + RNA synthesis

50
Q

Side effects of Anthracyclines (Doxorubicin)

A

Cardiomyopathy

- cardiotoxic

51
Q

Side effect of vincristine

A 
Peripheral neuropathy (reversible)
Paralytic ileus
52
Q

MoA of Alkalating agents (Cyclophosphamide)

A

Causes cross-linking of DNA

53
Q

Side effects of alkalising agents (cyclophosphamide)

A

Haemorrhagic cystitis
Myelosuppression
TCC

54
Q

Side effects of P450 enzyme inducers

A

Increase metabolism
Decrease INR
Decrease effectiveness of some drugs

55
Q

Side effects of P450 enzyme inhibitors

A

Increase INR

Increase effectiveness of some drugs

56
Q

Name P450 enzyme inhibitors

A 
Abx
 - Ciprofloxacin 
 - Erythromycin 
 - Clarithromycin 
Isoniazid
Cimetidine (H2RA)
Omeprazole
Amiodarone
Allopurinol
Ketconazole
Fluconazole
SSRIs
 - Sertraline 
 - Fluoxetine 
Ritonavir 
Sodium valproate
Acute alcohol abuse
Quinupristin
57
Q

Name P450 enzyme inducers

A 
Antiepileptics 
 - phenytoin 
 - carbamazepine 
Barbituates 
Griseofulvin (anti-fungal)
Rifampicin 
St John's Wort 
Chronic Alcoholism 
Smoking
58
Q

3 drugs used for motion sickness

A

Hyoscine
Cyclizine
Promethazine

59
Q

MoA of Terbafine

A

Inhibits squalene w-oxidase

60
Q

Monitoring requirements for terbafine

A

Before starting: LFTs

4-6 weeks in: LFTs

61
Q

1 % of a drug = ?

A

Example: 1% hydrocortisone = 1g of hydrocortisone dissolved in 100ml

62
Q

Maximum safe dosage of lignocaine is

A

3mg/kg

63
Q

MoA of local anaesthetics

A

Reversible sodium channel blockers

64
Q

MoA of Sodium valproate

A

Increases GABA activity

65
Q

Side effects of sodium valproate

A 
Weight gain + increased appetite 
Alopecia
Ataxia
Tremor
Teratogenic (contraindicated in young females)
Thrombocytopenia
Hepatitis
Pancreatitis
66
Q

MoA of lamotrigine

A

Sodium channel blocker

67
Q

Side effects of lamotrigine

A

Steven johnson syndrome

68
Q

MoA of Carbamazepine

A

Binds to sodium channels, increases the refractory period

69
Q

Side effects of carbamazepine

A 
Ataxia + dizziness
Drowsiness
Leucopenia
Agranulocytosis
SIADH
Diplopia
70
Q

MoA of Phenytoin

A

Binds to sodium channels, increases refractory periods

71
Q

Side effects of phenytoin

A 
Ataxia + dizziness
Drowsiness
Gingival hyperplasia
Hirtuism 
Megaloblastic anaemia 
Increased Vit D absorption (osteomalacia)
Lymphadenopathy

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