Variation , adaption , natural selection and speciiation Flashcards

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1
Q

Define variation

A

Difference between cells, individual organisms, or groups of organisms of any species

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2
Q

Define intra-specific variation

A

These are differences between individuals within the same species.

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3
Q

Examples of Intra-specific variation ?

A

Skin colour , Hair colour , height , intelligence etc

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4
Q

Define inter - specific variation

A

These are differences between different species of organisms

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5
Q

Examples of Inter - specific variation ?

A

Warm blooded , cold blooded , bone structure

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6
Q

Define discontinuous variation

A

These are discrete traits / characteristics

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7
Q

Examples of discontinuous variation

A

Tongue roller

Blood types

eye colour

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8
Q

Define continuous variation

A

A trait / characteristics where they exist within a range , not discrete values

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9
Q

Examples of continuous variation

A

Weight , human birth weight and height

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10
Q

Define genetic variation / inherited variation

A

This is variation which is carried in your DNA , usally inherited by your parents

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11
Q

Define environmental variation

A

These are characteristics which arise due to your environment eg how much you eat or exercise

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12
Q

Example of environmental variation ?

A

Skin tone / complexion - there is a genetic component within your DNA but alos your exposure to UV light / sunlight also affects skin tone

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13
Q

What are the Dangers associated with sun tanning ?

A

Melanoma - skin cancer

less elastic skin

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14
Q

How can you protect your skin from the UV light ?

A

Sun block

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15
Q

Define adaptation

A

When an organisms characteristics change to make it more likely to survive in a specific environment

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16
Q

Examples of why species need to adapt

A

To avoid predators or catch prey

To counteract environment changes eg sunlight

17
Q

Define behavioural adaptions

A

Changes in behaviour to deal with change

18
Q

Example of behavioural change in animals ?

A

Meerkats in response to predators

19
Q

Define physiological / biochemical adaptions

A

Changes to their bodies to deal with a challenge eg angler fish use lights to attract prey

20
Q

Define anatomical adaptations

A

Features within their bodies which made them more likely to survive eg dolphins , bats

21
Q

Define xerophytes

A

Plant adapted to the extreme conditions eg dry , windy conditions

22
Q

Example of a xerophytes

A

Thick fleshy stem to store water

23
Q

Describe natural selection

A

In every generation of a species there are more off spring then needed

Some have favourable features and some not

Those favourable features are more likely to survive , breed and pass on their traits , so eventually most will have favourable traits

24
Q

What features of organisms cause natural selection to arise

A

More off spring than needed

Random changes to DNA

DNA can be inherited by future generations

25
Q

What are selection pressures ?

A

These are environmental factors which cause natural selection to occur

26
Q

Example of selection pressures

A

Climate change , predators , diseases , food availability