Valvular Heart Disease: Mitral Stenosis

Question 1

When do symptoms present in Mitral Stenosis:
Normal Mitral Valve Orifice Area: _____cm^2
Pathological Mitral Valve Orifice Area: _____cm^2

Answer 1

When do symptoms present in Mitral Stenosis:
Normal Mitral Valve Orifice Area: 4-6 cm^2
Pathological Mitral Valve Orifice Area: < 2 cm^2

Question 2

Mitral Stenosis: Causes: 
RHD
CMS
SLE
PV
MC

Answer 2

Mitral Stenosis: Causes: 
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Congenital Mitral Stenosis
Systemic Lupus Erythematous
Prosthetic Valve
Malignant Carcinoid

Question 3

Mitral Stenosis: Symptoms: 
CP
B/D
H
F
P
SE
IEC

Answer 3

Mitral Stenosis: Symptoms: 
Chest Pain
Breathlessness/Dyspnoea 
Haemoptysis
Fatigue 
Palpitations - if AF
Systemic Embolisation 
Infective Endocarditis

Question 4

Mitral Stenosis: Signs: 
P
AB
Ausc - M
Ausc - HS
H
MF
JVP
RV-Hv

Answer 4

Mitral Stenosis: Signs:
Pulse: normal to low volume - but if AF (irregular)
Apex Beat: Tapping & Diastolic Thrill (non-displaced)
Ausc - Mid-diastolic Rumbling Murmur - radiates to axillia
Ausc - HS - Loud S1, Opening Snap
Hoarseness
Mitral Facies - Malar Flush - red cheeks
JVP: Prominent
RV-Heave

Question 5

Mitral Stenosis: Investigations: 
C
C
C
E
E

Answer 5

Mitral Stenosis: Investigations: 
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance 
Cardiac Catheterisation 
Chest X Ray - LAH, PulOed, MV-calcification
Echocardiogram
ECG

Question 6

Mitral Stenosis: Treatment: 
D/S
ACG
BVP
AF
R/R

Answer 6

Mitral Stenosis: Treatment:
Diuretics/Salt restriction - Na intake
Anticoagulation - Warfarin (all with AF)
Balloon Valvuloplasty
AF = sinus Rhythm Restoration, Ventricular Rate Control
Repair/Replace Mitral Valve.