Cardiovascular Medicine EMQs 2 Flashcards
Elevated JVP with absent pulsation
Superior Vena Cava Obstruction
Giant Systolic V Waves
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Raised JVP that rises on inspiration
Tricuspid Stenosis - Rheumatic fever.
Cannon a Waves
Complete Heart Block
Raised JVP that rises on inspiration
Constrictive Pericarditis
A 26 year old woman presents acutely unwell with dyspnoea. ECG shows sinus tachycardia, deep S waves in I, inverted T waves in III and Q waves in III.
Pulmonary Embolus
Dominant R in V1, inverted T waves in V1-V3, deep wide S waves in V6.
Right Bundle Branch Block
Prolonged QT, flattered T waves, prominent U waves.
Hypokalaemia
Sinus rhythm, bifid p waves best seen in II, V3 and V4.
Mitral Stenosis
A 65 year old man presents with chest pain radiating to the jaw. The ECG shows ST segment elevation in II, III, and aVF, with T wave inversion in V5, and V6.
Inferior Myocardial Infarction.
ECG of a 55 year old being treated for hypertension shows tall tended T waves.
Hyperkalaemia
A 34 year old man presents to A&E after a road traffic accident. The ECG shows pulseless electrical activity.
Cardiac Tamponade
An 85 year old man with pneumonia complains of palpitations. The ECG shows absent p waves.
Atrial Fibrilation
ECG of 45 year old man with sarcoidosis shows an M pattern in V5 and inverted T waves in I, V5-V6.
Left Bundle Branch Block.
ECG of an 8 year old girl shows normal P waves and QRS complexes but shows T wave inversion in V1.
Normal ECG.
A 30 year old woman presenting with hypertension is found to have hypokalaemia and a mild metabolic acidosis.
Conn’s Syndrome
An anxious 26 year old woman presents with episodes of chest pain and palpitations precipitated by stress and smoking. Her 24 hr urine shows elevated catecholamines.
Phaechromocytoma
A 45 year old woman presents with weight gain, muscle weakness and hirsutism. On examination she is hypertensive and has pedal oedema.
Cushing’s Syndrome
A 40 year old man is brought to A&E with severe headache. On examination he has papilloedema and fundal haemorrhages. His BP is 220/145 mmHg.
Malignant Hypertension
Hypertension in a 75 year old who is a heavy smoker with widespread peripheral vascular disease.
Renal Artery Stenosis.
