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Cardiology (Fall 2023) > Valvular disorders P1 AND P2 trigger > Flashcards

Valvular disorders P1 AND P2 trigger Flashcards

1
Q

Presents medium pitched, harsh quality with thrill

A

aortic stenosis

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2
Q

2 ICS w radiation to carotids

A

aortic stenosis

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3
Q

midsystolic

A

aortic stenosis or MVP

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4
Q

CXR with dilated ascending aorta, enlarged cardiac sihouette

A

CXR for aortic stenosis

also see:
Calcified aortic valve

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5
Q

can be treated with statins

A

aortic stenosis

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6
Q

can be caused by aortic dissection and marfans

A

aortic regurgitation

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7
Q

widened pulse pressure on PE

A

aortic regurgitation

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8
Q

austin flint murmur

A

aortic regurgitation

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9
Q

S3 OR S4 gallop

A

aortic regurgitation

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10
Q

S4 gallop

A

Aortic stenosis

OR
aortic regurg

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11
Q

laterally displaces apical impulse

A

aortic stenosis

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12
Q

low pitched, diastolic murmur, heard at apex

A

This describes the austin flint murmur

but could also describe mitral stenosis!

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13
Q

Holo diastolic murmur

A

aortic regurgitation
or
SEVERE pulmonic regurgitation

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14
Q

high pitched and blowing murmur

A

aortic regurgitation
or
pulmonic regurgitation

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15
Q

what are the AVR surgery indications in aortic valve regurg

A

BEFORE THESE HAPPEN:
LV dilation >5cm
EF <50%

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16
Q

treat with BB

A

aortic regurgitation

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17
Q

in patients who are poor candidates for open heart surgery or are of intermediate risk, what treatment would be used for aortic stenosis

A

TAVR

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18
Q

when would you use ARBS instead of BB in an aortic regurg patients

A

in patients with marfans syndrome

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19
Q

can be caused by infective endocarditis, root dissection, and acute dysfunction of prosthetic valve

A

acute aortic regurgitation

can also be caused by traumatic rupture of aortic leaflets

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20
Q

heard best with patient sitting and leaning forward

A

aortic regurgitation and stenosis

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21
Q

results in hemodynamic instability, pulmonary congestion, and pulmonary edema.

A

acute aortic regurgitiation

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22
Q

low pitched, early diastolic murmur with rapid pulse

A

suggestive of cardiogenic shock!

symtpoms also include:
pale, cool extremities
weak, rapid pulse

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23
Q

when is a stat echo used

A

acute aortic regurgitataion

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24
Q

CXR showing cardiomegaly with LV prominence

A

acute and normal aortic regurgitation

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25
Q

could treat with hydralazine and furosemide if BP is stable. may need inotropic agents or vasopressors

A

acute aortic regurgitation (treat with vasodilator and diuretics if stable BP)

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26
Q

what is affected by marfans disease

A

the aortic root, therefore causing aortic regurg

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27
Q

MC demographic is women

A

tricuspid stenosis

28
Q

LA enlargement

A

Mitral stenosis (initial hemodynamic change, may result in pulm congestion)

29
Q

leads to right sided HF due to increased in pulmonary vascular resistance

A

mitral stenosis

30
Q

typically develope symptoms of this disease in 4th-5th decade of life

A

Mitral stenosis (20-40 years following illness)

31
Q

fatigue, exertional dyspnea, orthopnea

A

mitral stenosis

32
Q

afib, hemoptysis, blood tinged sputum

A

mitral stenosis

may also see:
peripheral embolism
pulmonary edema
hoarsness as result of left recurrent laryngeal nerve compression

33
Q

patient presenting with hoarsness and pulmonary edema

A

mitral stenosis

hoarsness d/t left recurrent laryngeal nerve compression

also presents with
afib
hemoptysis
blood tinged sputum

34
Q

low-pitched, rumbling, diastolic murmur best heard at apex

A

mitral stenosis

35
Q

best heard in LLD

A

mitral stenosis

36
Q

S1 loud early on and opening snap heard following S2

A

mitral stenosis

37
Q

EKG shows LA abnormality and RV hypertrophy pattern. also shows afib

A

Mitral stenosis

38
Q

“hockey stick” of anterior MV leaflet

A

echo result for mitral sttenosis

39
Q

what cannot be done in degenerative AS due to a high restenosis rate

A

balloon valvuloplasty

40
Q

soft high pitched diastolic rumble. hear better on inspiration

A

tricuspid stenosiswh

41
Q

what murmurs have an “opnening snap?”

A

mitral and tricuspid stenosis!

these murmurs are so similar except mitral is LOW picthed and tricuspid is HIGH pitched. also tricuspid is heard better on inspiration

42
Q

WHY IS tricuspid stenosis increased during inspiration and mitral is not?

(i didnt get this and now i do)

A

increased venous return in inspiration!!!

tricuspid recieves venous blood from body, mitral just recieves from lungs.

43
Q

EKG shows right atrial enlargement

A

tricuspid stenosis

44
Q

treated with loops (torsemide or bumetanide) with addisiton of aldosterone antagonist if needed

A

Tricuspid stenosis!

loops for HF

aldosterone antagonist for liver congestion/ascities

45
Q

palpable systolic liver pulsation

A

tricuspid regurgitation and stenosis

46
Q

accentuated by leg raising and inspiration

A

tricuspid regurgitation

47
Q

high pitche and pansystolic best heard at left sternal border

A

tricuspid regurgitation

48
Q

EKG showing afib. cardiac cath showing elevated RA pressure

A

Triscuspid regurgitation

49
Q

this murmur is typically a result of congenital defects such as noonan syndrome or trisomy 13

A

pulmonic stenosis

rare to be caused by anything else

50
Q

progressive fatigure and dyspnea on exertion in adolesents or young adults is suggestive of what problem

A

pulmonic stenosis

51
Q

what problem causes neonates to present at birth with cyanosis

A

pulmonic stenosis

52
Q

presents with ejection murmur that increases during inspiration

A

pulmonic stenosis

53
Q

RBBB seen on EKG

A

pulmonic regurgitation

54
Q

caused by pulm HTN

A

pulmonic regurgitation

55
Q

when do you do surgery in pulmonic regurgitation

A

very rarley, only if there is intractable RV failure

56
Q

which valve replacement option is associated with LOWER risk of thromboembolic events?

A

tisssue!!! = less clot probability = plavix

mechanical = more clot probablility = warfarin!!!

57
Q

EKG with LA abnormality, LVH pattern with possible afib

A

mitral regurgitation

58
Q

treat with ACEI or hydralazine. also diuretics

A

mitral regurgitation

afterload reduction is ACEI or hydralazine

diuretics is for pulm congestion/edema

59
Q

disease of aortic leaflets, aortic root or both

A

aortic regurgitation causes

60
Q

leads to LVH and diastolic dysfunction

A

aortic stenosis

61
Q

when are inotropic agents and vasopressors used

A

acute aortic regurgitation

62
Q

which causes pulm edema and HTN and therefore leads to R sided HF

A

mitral stenosis

63
Q

who is NOT a candidate for balloon valvuloplasty in MS

A
  • patients with calcified leaflets and chords
  • LA thrombus
64
Q

caused by posterior wall MI
MV prolapse
LV dilation

A

mitral regurgitation

65
Q

in a male patient >40 or a menopausal patient w R sided HF

what is used to assess mitral regurgitaition

A

cirinary angiography

66
Q
A

Cardiology (Fall 2023) (45 decks)

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