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Cardiology (Fall 2023) > trigger - EKG backwards cards > Flashcards

trigger - EKG backwards cards Flashcards

1
Q

long break in QRS complexes with abnormal T wave prior to pause

A

nonconducted PAC

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2
Q

Beats in EKG that have no P-waves or have retrograde P waves before or after the QRS

A

junctional beats

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3
Q

sustained beats with absent p waves with normal rhythm at a rate of 48

A

junctional rhythm

remember:
40-60 is normal
60-100 is accelerated
100+ is junctional tachycardia

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4
Q

presents as a long pause then a late presenting P wave

A

sinus arrest

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5
Q

Presents as p waves of all different morphologies at a rate of >100 and an irregular rhythm

A

multifocal atrial tachycardia

also has varying PR segments

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6
Q

Presents as p waves of all different morphologies at a rate of <100 and an irregular rhythm

A

wandering atrial pacemaker

also has varying PR segments

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7
Q

early beat with a P wave of odd morphology prior to it.

A

PAC

occasionally the p wave is embedded in the previous T wave

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8
Q

regular rhythm, p wave hidden by t wave, rate of 100+, abrupt onset

A

paroxysmal atrial tachycardia

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9
Q

no p waves to be seen, rhythm is irregular, rate can be fast or slow

A

atrial fibrillation

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10
Q

regular rhythm, p waves create atrial rate of 250-350bpm, classic sawtooth pattern

A

atrial flutter

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11
Q

regular rhythm, very narrow, very fast QRS, HR of 150-250 at most

A

paroxysmal supraventricular tachycarida

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12
Q

what is included in intranodal blocks

A

1st and 2nd degree type 1 aAV node blocks

3rd degree can be this or infranodal

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13
Q

what is included in infranodal blocks

A

second degree type 2 blocks

3rd degree can be this or intranodal

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14
Q

PR interval greater than .2 seconds, but a p wave is still present with every QRS

A

1st degree AV block

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15
Q

PR interval increasing until a QRST interval is skipped then PR begins to progress again

A

type 1 Second degree AV block (wenckebach)

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16
Q

intermittently non-conducted atrial beats with normal PR intervals

A

type 2 second degree AV block

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17
Q

normal P waves marching along with no relation to the QRS. QRS is wide.

A

third degree AV block

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18
Q

how do the PR segment and QRS present in WAP or MAT

A

QRS narrow
PR varies!

remember these present with p waves of varying morphology

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19
Q

regular rhythm
may not see P wave if buried in T wave
typical HR of 100-200 bpm
abrupt onset
often difficult to discern from SVT

A

paroxysmal atrial tachycardia

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20
Q

irregularly irregular rhythm with no p waves visible

A

afib

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21
Q

what is this

A

2:1 atrial flutter

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22
Q

very narrow, very fast QRS

A

supraventricular tachycardia

abrupt onset and cessation 150-250 at most

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23
Q

abrupt onset and cessation

A

paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
paroxysmal atrial tachycardia

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24
Q

in third degree block, how does the QRS present and what is the typical rate?

A

QRS = wide
rate = around 30-45

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25
Q

what is typical HR of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia

A

100-200

26
Q

what is a common range for atrial rate in atrial flutter

A

250-350bpm

27
Q

what is the normal HR for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

A

150-250

28
Q

junctional tachycardia is also included in what other umbrella term?

A

paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

29
Q

Wide QRS complex that occurs earlier than the next beat should. followed by long compensatory pause

A

PVC

30
Q

3+ consecutive ventricular beats at a rate of 120-200

A

ventricular tachycardia

31
Q

what is the difference between sustained and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia

A
  • Nonsustained VT < 30 seconds
  • Sustained VT > 30 seconds
32
Q

what is occuring in an EKG of torsades de pointes

A

Sustained VT but the QRS complexes rotate around the baseline, getting smaller and bigger

33
Q

what causes torsades de pointes

A

Occurs due to prolonged QT intervals, where a PVC falls on a T wave (the vulnerable period)

34
Q

what do you call sustained VT that occurs at a rate below 100

A

50-100bpm = accelerated idioventricular rhythm
<50bpm = idioventricular rhythm

35
Q

no true QRS complexes with coarse waveforms along the baseline

A

Ventricular fibrillation

36
Q

where do conduction delays/blocks occur with AV blocks

A

could occur in AV node or bundle of His

37
Q

PR interval must be greater than .2 seconds

A

1st degree AV block

38
Q

rSR’ in V1 and/or V2

A

RBBB

also see QRS that is WIDE!!
also see negative S wave

39
Q

presents with LAD

A

left anterior fascicular block

also presents with:
Small Q waves leads I and aVL, along with tall R waves
Small R waves in leads II, III, and aVF, along with deep S waves
QRS duration less than 0.12 ms

39
Q

deep negative S wave in V5 and V6

A

RBBB

Also WIDE
also rSR’ in leads V1 and 2

39
Q

presents with small R and deep wide S wave in leads V1 and V2

A

LBBB

also QRS must be WIDE
also presents w bunny ears for R in V5 and V6

40
Q

presents with Small Q waves leads I and aVL, along with tall R waves

A

left anterior fascicular block

also presents with:
Left axis deviation
Small Q waves leads I and aVL, along with tall R waves
Small R waves in leads II, III, and aVF, along with deep S waves
QRS duration less than 0.12 ms

41
Q

Small R waves in leads II, III, and aVF, along with deep S waves

A

left anterior fascicular block

also presents with:
Left axis deviation
Small Q waves leads I and aVL, along with tall R waves
Small R waves in leads II, III, and aVF, along with deep S waves
QRS duration less than 0.12 ms

42
Q

In a left anterior fascicular block, the QRS voltage in aVL may meet what criteria?

A

LVH criteria

43
Q

presents with RAD

A

left posterior fascicular block

also presents with:
Right axis deviation
Small R waves leads I and aVL, along with deep S waves
Small Q waves in leads II, III, and aVF, along tall R waves
QRS duration less than 0.12 ms

44
Q

presents with Small R waves leads I and aVL, along with deep S waves

A

left posterior fascicular block

also presents with:
Right axis deviation
Small R waves leads I and aVL, along with deep S waves
Small Q waves in leads II, III, and aVF, along tall R waves
QRS duration less than 0.12 ms

45
Q

presents with Small Q waves in leads II, III, and aVF, along tall R waves

A

left posterior fascicular block

also presents with:
Right axis deviation
Small R waves leads I and aVL, along with deep S waves
Small Q waves in leads II, III, and aVF, along tall R waves
QRS duration less than 0.12 ms

46
Q

it is rare to see this EKG abnormality without RBBB

A

left posterior fascicular block

47
Q

combo of RBBB and LAFB or LPFB is called

A

bifascicular block

48
Q

what is considered incomplete BBB

A

BBB cirteria met but QRS is not wide

49
Q

what is nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay

A

QRS wider than 0.1 ms but no other criteria met

50
Q

what types of EKG patterns are caused by the presence of an accessory pathway

A

WPW syndrome
LGL syndrome

51
Q

when are short PR intervals present

A

WPW syndrome
LGL syndrome
(preexcitation syndromes)

52
Q

uses the bundle of kent as accessory pathway, leading to short PR intervals

A

WPW syndrome (also presents with delta wave which causes a WIDE QRS)

53
Q

how does a delta wave present and when would you see it?

A

with a sloped entrance into a QRS

presents in WPW syndrome

54
Q

Accessory pathway is the james fibers, leading to short PR interval.

A

LGL syndrome

does NOT present with delta wave. QRS is narrow.

55
Q

reciprocating tachycardias that activate ventricles through accessory pathways and cause WIDE QRS are called

A

antidromic tachycardia

56
Q

When the tachycardia activates the ventricles in an antegrade manner through the AV node, generating a narrow QRS complex, the arrhythmia is further subcategorized as….

A

orthodromic tachycardia

57
Q

prolonged PR, QRS and QT

A

hypothermia

also presents with:
sinus bradycarida (common but not always)
ST seg elevation called osborne wave

58
Q

ST segment depression of a gradual, asymmetric downslope with flattening or inversion of T wave

A

Digitalis effect

59
Q

what can result from digitalis toxicityL

A

Brady/tachy arrhythmias and can combined with AV blocks

60
Q

LOOK AT HOW TO MEASURE THE QT

A

Cardiology (Fall 2023) (45 decks)

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