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Cardiology (Fall 2023) > Trigger - Cardiomyopathy > Flashcards

Trigger - Cardiomyopathy Flashcards

1
Q

often missed or underappreciated on echo

A

diastolic dysfunction

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2
Q

characterized by Abnormal LV relaxation and filling
as well as Elevated filling pressures

A

diastolic dysfunction

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3
Q

results in necrosis and degeneration of myocytes as well as dilated Cardiomyopathy

A

myocarditis

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4
Q

can be caused by cytotoxic effects or immune responses

A

myocarditis

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5
Q

how long does the acute phase of myocarditis last? chronic phase?

A

acute 2 weeks
chronic (aeverything after 2 weeks)

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6
Q

Presents with chest pain, SOB, fever, HF s/s, and arrhythmias (palps, syncope, death)

A

acute infective myocarditis

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7
Q

PE shows pleural friction rub, S3/S4 gallop, volume overload and mitral/tricuspid regurg murmur

A

myocarditis

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8
Q

CXR showing cardiomegaly, pul edema
EKG showing PVCs, sinus tach and dysrhythmias

A

infective myocarditis

may also see elevated troponins

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9
Q

Elevated ESR, CBC showing eosinophilia, elevated BNP

A

infective myocarditis

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10
Q

this imaging can aid in assessing the extent of inflammation, myocyte necrosis and scarring and also shows ventricualr size/shape

A

Cardiac MRI in infective myocarditis

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11
Q

T/F - if there is diastolic dysfunction, there is ALWAYS systolic dysfunction

A

FALSEEEEEEEE

systolic always leads to diastolic dysfunction.

BUT diastolic dysfunction is not always CAUSED by systolic dysfunction

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12
Q

definitive dx for infective myocarditis

A

histology with endomyocardial biopsy.

NOT COMMONLY USED unless it will change management for case

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13
Q

treatment for myocarditis

A
  • cardiology consult
  • LVEF <40% = ACE and BB
  • NSAIDS (colchicine) for pain
  • manage arrhythmias
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14
Q

characterized by LVEF <40% with NO CAD or valvular disease.

A

Dilated CM (dilation and impaired contraction of one or both ventricles)

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15
Q

3x more common in black patients

A

DCM

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16
Q

primary cause is idiopathic

A

DCM

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17
Q

caused by chagas disease and lyme disease

A

DCM

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18
Q

TB, Meningococcal, and pneumococcal bacteria

A

DCM

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19
Q

autosomal dominant trait

A

DCM
HCM

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20
Q

involves antibodies to a variety of cardiac proteins

A

autosomal dominant inherited DCM

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21
Q

thryoid dysfunction
pheochromocytoma
cushings
GH excess/deficiency

A

DCM

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22
Q

How does Peripartum CM present

A

SCA or CHF in late pregnancy or early postpartum

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23
Q

PE shows ascites, peripheral edema, elevated JVD

A

DCM

also PE:
S3/S4 gallop
Rales
Ascites
Peripheral edema
Elevated JVD
murmur or tricuspid/mitral regurg

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24
Q

PE shows rales, S3/S4 gallop and tricuspid or mitral regurg murmur

A

DCM

also PE:
S3/S4 gallop
Rales
Ascites
Peripheral edema
Elevated JVD
murmur or tricuspid/mitral regurg

25
Q

EKG shows tachy, LBBB and/or pulsus alternans

A

DCM

26
Q

if a CM patient has dyspnea, what test should you order and why?

A

BNP or NT-ProBNP for prognosis and disease severity

27
Q

what confirms vnetricular dilation and excludes vascular disease in a DCM patient

A

Echo!

also dx LV systolic fxn and Pulm HTN

28
Q

presents with tricuspid or mitral regurg murmur

A

Infective myocarditis or DCM

i think maybe possible HCM too but im not sure

29
Q

diastolic dysfunction is associated with which cardiomyopathys

A

Restrictive and hypertrophic

30
Q

non-dilated ventricles with impaired filling. fibrosis of ventricular wall.

A

restrictive cardiomyopathy

31
Q

biatrial enlargement

A

restrictive cardiomyopathy

32
Q

Most Uncommon type of cardiomyopathy

A

restrictive cardiomyopathy

33
Q

caused by infiltrative diseases or storage diseases

A

restrictive cardiomyopathy

can also be caused by radiation, chemo (MCC), carcinoid HD, hypereosinophillic syndrome

34
Q

MCC in the US is chemo

A

restrictive cardiomyopathy

35
Q

treatment for restrictive cardiomyopathy

A
  • treat underlying cuase
  • diuretics for edema and congestion
36
Q

characterized by LV hypertrophy and interventricular septum dysfunction

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

37
Q

genetic mutations of sarcomere genes

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

38
Q

Presents with fatigue, Chest pain, CHF, and syncope

A

HCM

also see:
Carotid pulses bisferiens d/t mimicked aortic stenosis.
increased risk for arrhythmias

39
Q

Carotid pulses bisferiens d/t mimicked aortic stenosis.

A

HCM

40
Q

Mid-systolic, harsh, 3rd-4th intercostal that is louder with valsalva

A

HCM

this murmur is QUIETER with SQUATTING

41
Q

EKG shows LVH

A

HCM

42
Q

Echo showing LV wall >1.5 cm thick

A

HCM

43
Q

in this diagnosis we AVOID diuretics and vasodilators. Why?

A

HCM. because they lower preload and we do not want that

44
Q

treated with BB and verapamil

A

HCM

45
Q

procedures considered for this diagnosis is septal myectomy and alcohol septal ablation

A

HCM

46
Q

in this diagnosis, it is reccomended to screen 1st degree relatives annually with an echo until they are 20. then Q5 years after.

A

HCM

47
Q

characterized by systolic dysfunction presenting as CHF (edema, JVD, Dyspnea)

A

ischemic cardiomyopathy

48
Q

EKG with possible Q waves and CXR showing pulmonary edema

A

ischemic cardiomyopathy

49
Q

echo showing decreased LVEF and regional wall motion abnormalities

A

ischemic cardiomyopathy

50
Q

RV free wal myocardium replaced by fibrous/fatty tissue leading to RV dilation and abnormal function of RV

A

Arrhythmogenic RVCM

51
Q

Causes sudden death in young adults in Europe primarily

A

Arrhythmogenic RVCM

52
Q

presents as Chest pain
Palpitations, Syncope, SCA

A

arrhythmogenic RVCM

53
Q

Altered myocardial wall d/t intrauterine arrest of compaction of loose interwoven meshwork

A

LV noncompaction CM

54
Q

Presents as CHF, Ventricular arrhythmias, thromboembolisms

A

LV noncompaction cardiomyopathy

55
Q

Causes ACS due to high catecholamine surge

A

takotsubo cardiomyppathy aka broken heart syndrome

56
Q

MC in postmenopausal women

A

takotsubo cardiomyppathy aka broken heart syndrome

57
Q

LV apical ballooning on echo or LV angiography

A

takotsubo cardiomyppathy aka broken heart syndrome

58
Q

treated with BB for one year

A

takotsubo cardiomyppathy aka broken heart syndrome

59
Q

yayyyyy donezo

A

Cardiology (Fall 2023) (45 decks)

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